-k8凯发天生赢家
��ࡱ�>�� ^`����]��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �r�n$bjbj��26�}�}`
���������������������8/4c��llwwwww���ulwlwlwlwlwlwl$bn��p8{l������{l��ww4�l��w�wul�ulw����`��n�u���fal�l0�lq:q0q�%i�������{l{li�����l������������������������������������������������������������������������q�����������: strategic management journal
volume 43, issue 4, april 2022
1. title: firm partisan positioning, polarization, and risk communication: examining voluntary disclosures on covid-19
authors: richard a. benton, j. adam cobb, timothy werner
abstract: the covid-19 pandemic will rank among the greatest challenges many executives will have faced and not only due to the operational challenges it posed. upon entering the u.s. context, the disease was immediately politically polarized, with clear partisan splits forming in risk perceptions of the disease unrelated to science. we exploit this context to examine whether firms' partisan positioning affects whether and how they communicate risk to their investors on a polarized public policy issue. to do so, we examine the covariation between firms' disclosure of covid-19 risks and the partisanship of their political giving. our analysis of earnings call and campaign contribution data for the s&p 500 reveals a positive association between a firm's contributions to democrats and its disclosure of covid-19 risks.
2. title: who deviates? technological opportunities, career concern, and inventor's distant search
authors: vivek tandon, puay khoon toh
abstract: why do inventors facing similar feedback from the technological environment differ in their propensity to search locally or distantly? problem-driven decision calculus tends not to sufficiently explain such heterogeneity. we instead examine the individual inventor's calculus surrounding career concern. we propose that with reduced technological opportunities in her local domains, the ensuing career concern induces her to search distantly. this response is attenuated when career concern is less salient�she is relatively productive within the firm or is a star�or when opportunity cost of response is higher�she has more firm-specific experience or interdependent knowledge. data from the us electronic industry support our propositions. findings help explain differential search in response to common problems and illustrate how personal interest intermingles with problem-driven feedback driving search.
3. title: institutional protection of minority employees and entrepreneurship: evidence from the lgbt employment non-discrimination acts
authors: raffaele conti, olenka kacperczyk, giovanni valentini
abstract: a diverse workforce has long been associated with multiple firm benefits, but this is sometimes difficult to achieve due to employer discrimination. although multiple institutional arrangements have been put in place to ban discriminatory behavior, the effects of such regulations remain relatively unexplored, often neglecting start-ups. we propose that institutional changes aiming to outlaw employment discrimination will trigger two main effects: they will (a) depress start-up founding rates through enhancement of wage-work appeal, and (b) increase the average start-up quality due to a higher threshold for leaving wage-work. we test our predictions by exploiting the staggered enactment of employment non-discrimination acts in the u.s. consistent with our theory, we find that this institutional protection reduced the quantity of entrepreneurship but increased its quality.
4. title: growing pains: the effect of generational product innovation on mobile games performance
authors: liang chen, pengxiang zhang, sali li, scott f. turner
abstract: strategy research advises firms to capture generative value by continually introducing generational improvements on their existing products. this article considers a potential dark side of such strategy. we argue that generational innovation can elicit a negative near-term response from customers, as it distorts their ingrained behavioral patterns and imposes learning costs. further, we propose that this negative effect of generational innovation will diminish when the product has a leading market position; and it will be more severe as the product's technological legacy lengthens. using a difference-in-differences research design based on mobile game apps that multihome on two platforms, we find supportive evidence for our hypotheses and discuss the corresponding implications for strategy and technology innovation literature.
5. title: from mass to motion: conceptualizing and measuring the dynamics of industry clusters
authors: min jung kim, j. myles shaver, russell j. funk
abstract: an extensive body of research examines concentration levels (i.e., �mass�) of industry clusters; however, little attention is paid to their dynamics (i.e., �motion�). understanding cluster dynamics is important because how clusters change over time may have implications for firm strategies and outcomes that are not attributable to cluster mass alone. to advance scholarship, we derive a theoretically grounded measure of cluster motion. applying this measure to data on establishments in the u.s. computer and semiconductor industries, we document the dynamic nature of clusters both within and across regions. we demonstrate that our measure of cluster motion is distinct from cluster mass. furthermore, we document that regions rarely follow stylized descriptions of cluster life cycles, which underscores the importance of measuring and investigating cluster dynamics.
6. title: trained to lead: evidence from industrial research
authors: luisa gagliardi, myriam mariani
abstract: this study investigates the importance of early life training for people's leadership roles later in the workplace. we focus on team leaders in industrial research and analyze changes in team leadership after the abandonment of the military draft by the united states in 1973. this policy produced a twofold effect on leadership training opportunities: it eliminated the training provided during the draft and reduced the incentives to pursue long-term education to defer conscription. our results show a decrease in the probability of team leadership for men subject to the policy change. this effect, which is likely explained by the education channel, reduces over time. we discuss the implications of our findings for the formation of human capital to fulfill strategic leadership roles.
7. title: what matters for interorganizational connectedness? locating the drivers of multiplex corporate networks
authors: olga a. novoselova
abstract: past research discovered multiple drivers of interorganizational connectivity; however, their relative importance remains a puzzle. this study generalizes known network antecedents to six dimensions of the interorganizational environment�time, industry, geography, organization, networks, and agents�and decomposes variability in dyadic corporate connectedness to find the dimensions' relative importance for board interlocks, executive migration, and alliances among the s&p 500 companies in 1997�2015. firm-specific factors matter for all ties, industry�for alliances and executive migration, and geography�for board interlocks. effects of time, executives, and past connections are relatively unimportant. tie types differ in how much of their variability the analysis accounts for: while substantial part of alliance variability can be attributed to the six dimensions together, they explain much less of board interlock variability.
$&./169:;<=?h���ʹʹʧ��xd\oa3h��h��5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo( hw�5�cjojqj^jajo(hw�5�cjojqj^jajh
2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h��h��5�cjojqj^jaj h��5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h��h��5�cjojqj^jaj<=>��)*��kl����5�����������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4��������()* -34�����������̿層��~�p~brp~brpdhih�l$ojqj^jo(hvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h�j�h�j�5�ojqj^jh�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h��h��ojqj^jhihj�ojqj^jo(ht45�ojqj^jo(h��h��5�ojqj^jhicy5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo(�jklmnouv�������������Ϳ��͜��͜��~qd�wi;h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jh�"�h%j,5�ojqj^jhs/�5�ojqj^jo(hihanojqj^jhk�hk�ojqj^jh�)hto�ojqj^jo(hvi�hto�5�ojqj^jo(hk�hk�5�ojqj^jhto�hto�5�ojqj^jhto�hto�h�"�h�`�5�ojqj^jhto�5�ojqj^jo(h%j,5�ojqjo(hihu<�ojqj^jo(h�j�h�j�ojqj^j������45>?������������������ǹ����xj�\nj�\>hvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�h�ps5�ojqj^jh�h�5�ojqj^jh�psh�ps5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�ps5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h%j,ojqj^jo(hp@hp@ojqj^jh�)h$?�ojqj^jo(h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jhvi�h$?�5�ojqj^jo(hp@hp@5�ojqj^jh$?�5�ojqj^jo('(������������� ���ƚ�����x�j�z��mƚ@�h|�5�ojqj^jo(hdyhdyojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�hvi�5�ojqj^jhvi�hr7a5�ojqj^jhdyhdy5�ojqj^jhr7ahr7a5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr7a5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h�h�ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^j��� � � _$`$b$c$e$f$h$i$k$l$m$n$������������������gd�gd|�gd)w�gdr7a % & � � � � � � � ^$_$`$a$c$d$f$g$i$j$m$n$�����ָ����skgkgkgkgshb�jhb�uhj<hj<5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(hd�hd�ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hvi�h|�5�ojqj^jhd�hd�5�ojqj^jh|�5�ojqj^jo(h|�h|�5�ojqj^j01�82p��. ��a!�"�#��$��%��s����b2���� 0@p`p������2(�� 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p��8x�v~pj_hmh nhsh thj`��jck�e$1$a$ cjkh_hajmh nhsh th$a ���$؞���k=�w[sobi���bnf�h����3�\`�?�/�[���g��\�!�-�rk.�s�ի�..���a濭?��pk!�֧��6_rels/.rels���j�0���}q��%v/��c/�}�(h"���o�
������=������ ����c?�h�v=��ʌ��%[xp��{۵_�pѣ<�1�h�0���o�r�bd���je�4b$��q_����6l��r�7`�������0̞o��,�en7�li�b��/�s���e��е������pk!ky���theme/theme/thememanager.xml�m
� @�}�w��7c�(eb�ˮ��c�aǡҟ����7��՛k
y,�
�e�.���|,���h�,l����xɴ��i�sq}#ր���� ֵ �!�,�^�$j=�gw���)�e� &
8���pk!�m�qtheme/theme/theme1.xml�ymoe�#�f{oc'vgu�رh�f�[��x=ޝzvg53n�j�hh��z����z $ʯi)*e�_�����n�&ia�!��>��ǽ3�x�n��>���u�wl0�č߫�߿z��}rx���{���h9t�8�t/���χ�?����xy����'�~���3s����~����o_|w��)��ӈht��=�a� ��d ng�1-rlɓ�1�rj�wt蠯m1k����"�o
he�˓ێ½pl-�|%����e��hy7�'qp.\l��=���d�q�ķ3i�ofi�����.ñ���b�rb�-j��p_p�g
ݢ��i�k�t�dӌh�f�i��o�7;7q��2��ⱦ�����d�>a�/��q�>�x��w�
˔�m�_�u��h�q�)�h���� :vi�w�4r�b�qϫ��"r���!��2l��a��c�b��u|����!8^8�>�ܠ���,a���б�v�t����~ls���14��_=,ɬ��otv �g��"�ѧ��bh�����'�.�4��x�w-��ϸ�e�|�f;��v��`�b3"g'�e����\�fh��o�������'�$��i_wp��� �>�*�8���i&�ly%\���,���xҕ=������������r6f� ��3���t�ʅ�)��:ªz�k��l�s��&c�m��ܛ0� [�˫p@ע�`�j�۽7���y�h�xh�i��ct5a�r��@��h��zazc�}i' rq\m��,zo�,�gq�u{�y\,n���ר/�=����l_��.�̇y7c�6�-fs�h62��"��5�����nh�t[x�65̫4x�%y����ֳ2�f�kh����i~tckf#�b� �w�1m�|����4`��!�:u��!�p5a:�~�{4�m��m�i�o�ήc��8m��d�j�psǹ橠�v��1�����?#s�i�?3e�'ps�2���w`���q�b]( ��08���w���
n��a��[s��)k8�= aa?r� dڒɾc�uӽ˲d)#�queb��}������c!���&i0����>�4��s�7���{���z��f�}�4��skvukoȳ��h�~1�jyu���v�h��5u8�vk;֜���l9��ű�d �� ��?*|fl�
�����"��a3����>g��]��dm2ivֵ�褽�m�g<��r�8[kv�x����p�sj�,��z��][�j�����qv�1�1�iu���-�ߟ0%m2�oj���3u�o%ҍ���pk!
ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.rels��m
�0���wooӻ�&݈э���5
6?$q��
�,.�a��i����c2�1h�:�q��m��@rn��;d�`��o7�g�k(m&$r(.1�r'j��њt���8��v�"��aȼ�h�u}��|�$�b{��p����8�g/]�qasم(����#��l�[������pk-!����[content_types].xmlpk-!�֧��6 _rels/.relspk-!ky���theme/theme/thememanager.xmlpk-!�m�q�theme/theme/theme1.xmlpk-!
ѐ��'� theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.relspk]�
n6���� ��� n$�n$�@� @���������h ��0�( �
����0�( �
��b
�s���� ?���������������
��������7j������`bcefhikoz�`bcefhiko3`bcefhiko$&./169;>>h������)**4������jllv���� ��������4
?
����(���������&������^o��q04e��n[g],-�o�����`<|��o";0ri1�%�rrsui��w�i�={u�,� uz*�m� �r=��-9h�s��eme�.~��
{r�v�4�1l2q �"�iaha��og>�u��`�1_%v��nh{��q��u�3�d]-�z:kkkkn;�q0�<�?*�7��:a��^b� �l{��2h�(�#!�q��m4-cqrrs�4>�p]�sao-�?��yn�b~i�(��)ib��>!]�.�`
rv:g&>!��}n!�l��2�"�0r��\�|�md-%;�blrbr]�a
6ji� ��vj�`�[jo 5j90�ry �:[�
k 3q-r�jx 8i� tp� k�|�2~�
��y��k�
?i��� *�?=��#??*�@�4le�dw"
���z�g�kd�2�^e�-h�x�w��t�bs &�x�-z�y��w�i�>�:-��u
kkkkdw"
q�x�-h�
k^r�
�^�vxb�
�=#�/y�pur ����
��'ff�x-z�d�y�(��)fk{z��fv��-�p�'�e��4�!~q�2h`�?i��be��@��fk-<"��l�q�u��y/�x{��]^�~76=&����`
[� ��rh&<�^��oc!��d{�/�"���[��h�2��d���t��w�8i� (f�tl(����}�t�a9�~�8��7l��4��'";�g)n��p7v}g�xd|��&�h�w�a�g�b�u�d\*�)#jb�l�d�
)r�}��w�gl$l��r�qh� v���/xcz.�^m~;�|p%�fzps7l�ps�#���<>)��s��vj��h5h 5� a�l[�x� xcz�be�yfdxl�y��raj>�n�cr%v��h�a9�� !`��}<�q�}q =�7y]��r�-��.��zf�7��
�e�o[kh,~�hmpm~�mg�=�j��>m�?[%��'w�jo8�l�y2\gqwez ��p]74�`a��m�!�|z��z:�*��b!�g;cq�qq�h�nk^r a�x�t
an�gap�y8��x���s��d���z��j�vzq��t\
~��av'po�_m4�i�w��tkpb�`
rq1��yn�pur �p}��� urep�&>!�z[fxx)!�b!x{�ec!�t�k��oc!�v�>b(p!� ]!�3�l��!nr�q�m�!�j#�g-�!�f�d�[z"�u&z�6'�"�zy�q �"ji�_��m�"� ]!�&�"�)��/�"|z�s\�"=v�g��~#�)9~��k#�� �i3#�#?�=#�i\;�j#p%�sh�#���2k�#�|�#ry �ps�#pb��9�#�sa�d $��yj!4$�`�%�qg$�ep$�"e<@v�$:*�$�[��p�$�]'��?[>�?z]%�`�%vd�i1�%�lyk-,�%�,�=��l�%�z�@�x�%�!0��e&poq�bs &�b*&t�(6=&�'w�rh&2\�qp&nyvc��t�&��&�]'�ep$�tw�'~d:(�r�'�kl��>�'��5�l�'�taz��w(r�@�~d:(�_(it~tl(�x�,�dm�(�t�(�pi�(��]�a#�(�j�`�<>)^e��w)!,�f�3r�)��)�l�%��)mq{�"*�^�i��le*^l�x�ne*n9��^�*�:8t��[? �v ��o�(s� qh� �`� q�f�� {p���c,@�i��#,�dq[mk, @p�qb,�d&d��,�>m��x�,�{u�,�@�q>,-�m4-rt�h�fk-�r�-�j�n�2@�-�ggc���-x*�y���->o.-dt��t�.��z]�.�x��<}7/d|���y/ds}���/: o=tj�/0�u0{z�o�!0�ran 0gy|�5j90�$�}�;1�0��efw2
�z��>2"o�m�29!"e�w�2�f\�h�2n�~�w�3ui�� �3dj�u�3��x@�4�;�4�d5��p�4@l�5h 5�^b^�
-a5�pv5�d5tw�'��5��5md-�b�5i�d��v�5
-a5�a
6�`d�#6ghch�81�6�&7��6�a�r!�6q1���@�6xx�6)1:t�&7�x�\�~74\�7bd9t=r�7��gr
f8c�]��jo8�~�8���8��b�n9?oi�q�9�a:�kx_�s�:kkkk�3�:�!�q�o";�4mjjo;�i\;�%�|c;�q��viu;�ru�;�~7�[u�u�`fr>�>�'i�>r]��v�>lrb�mt?<#iq!{�?p[5=�tf�?�t�&�?�*��o-�?�mt?�s�?
u|3e�?�-x{�8�?�@}��*.}@��)��-�@�t�`�r�@g��z�@z]%hag;��:a�s6ay8���doahu�(�a�le*�&e�ana��.�an���a�$,&d]�l�d|1�q�i�dbl#g�>e�\���ez�v�n�e�v ��'�e�#�c�hfs�]�=bdf�^^n��z[f�y���f�"�o w~g� l`�#�g�{9=��g=v�g�o�t�{s
h�-h�pv5p@h�og�ghch'\l��&�h�t�e�hoaq�!~q��y#%�q@gku�nr�q�q��qqg$�r)b;r�,�q��0hr�l��zwr�
{r;1�0��y{r�i�r�� �(u�r�$atxcs�#sw/�=fzps8ts)b;r��ts�#�g3%�s�{�s�;�4��g/t�4>�:8t�gn�bd9t]z[t� �m��td $�`�t�s��,!u�rdi�@gku�u0
g�u���uxcs>�uc;�rxyyv�d�^�v4�o�v�j$w�w�w�6�x�m�2:3�x�q�y���x�3�:��o�x�#s^l�x\<�jg�xq>,- q�x�}<��x_/,j�zy��t��`-y<myv�
dy�q�yv^mc���y<z�&xfk{z�kd
�zhp��[�enx�:[�=�^�`
[�0�[(>y��f\�?\i�(��\�m��x�\~�f<1/�\�s���7y]�>aqs�]���c�]hv�i���]viu;�]^ph$^�^b^�`.�^�=�^�1_�kx_�a9�ji�_l{�� !`�qb,�� l`�y`� ��t�`�=�}�j�`�qq��u�`�>�`_m�t
a��&na[mk,�9a��q���a��5��>�asq�y�3j�a�zwr�a�t�3b@�z��)ib�u~b1�h��u�b�~#�%;�b@v�$03cd.�b�ggcg-�!�va�c�^��[a�c��c(�a�u�c�0hr��#�c�j$wvd0q|�`d�d&d�@�m�f�d,-�zn�d�|�#�9!"e2k�#�g e�/e� *^ee����l\e�>e��eme�hgqwe�u
�t�edu�efd��&fji�,\f<}7/��zfs{tq�f3%�s!,�fqx{~�fxx�6�a�f6�f<z�bl#g�^blkqg�j9r��g8|k=�z�g�-9h�k?oi�u�<mebi�rdi�b*&��b~i�y{r4�i�`-y�^�ix�u�nf�i�~7djtj�/�urjv,�j�8�?w�j�`�t�=�j�4�q\<�j�dk�g�tkzl!{�?�klv:g��3�l<|�<ie�lj l�^(m��k��.�mz*�ma�� �m�hn�y`�gn��!�g)nfr>��^^nv��,mn�kj>�nh#�n�gv'po�
���"�o�"�o6gp�e�oh��.�o�r��v�omg���o]z[thptf�?(ap(s� @p�[? bep=r�7�c�p�qp&��dq�vzq� �<#iq�!�q� ���qq =��,�q�w�#!�q{s
h�4�q�a�f�l�q|1�q6s�~r�q3q-rie�l��j9r �3�c;�rn[g� �r�-�@�y0�sb(p!��s{fm-dt�y�)1:to
�v�$at�6�x� 0w?0w?0w?0w?�.�t�/e��t(ap�}�t�o�t�u2�&xph$^�enx[�x,mnf�x&xn
�x�0�<�=.y6�f�� oyrgox*�y�x�u��yd]-sq�y7���yxl�y�t�.��y];yw��y�w��u&z�*n{��tazr=��whkzjx �.tzji��z@�z�.�o���z�`�o��%�z�q�wv{�nh{$,&d�*n{�s�?mq{
hr{��6�jbs{�-x{qx{�@�6m�{�d��0q|�~�vgy|��s�
u|�[|�w)�\�| w~g;�|�g ek�|�.�t�y>�|b�5�ds}xyyv�p}�r>�$�}dm�(�m�}j<�v��=�}jbs{�q�}\
~�=�h,~03c��)9~whkzit~�;�~j{�~0�n�n�~l�s{t�<(>y\*�4e�z �j�{p�4\�7��(k�i����x��m�j�����[p@�w�3`2 r� �p
j^�n�_ati�wb��.�nh j<shn�to>s�r#�l$�}&�m'�m(�)%j,�p.�i/�2�z2'4t4.6�6*8;i8cj8�9uq:�e=k&>e!@jj@�n@r7a�ec�nd�udvf0i4tj�kul%man�%smkxgy�py�^ro_5a�7ahc
2e�lf�qf�)gjmi�ckalthllmnnm}on[r�pslu0@ui1vywm8xicydy�x}�/����j�wt�mw��=��=��`�j�'?�nj��9�l�.~�v��_�=h��j��~�du�� �=i�fj�to�4��m�
�d��2�)w���lz���h��c�7�u<�[��t��r�������w��^�v��\�a�vi�|w�r����
���$?�<#��
��!�s/����8�*��-��_�$-�b��f�><����l��r��c�7"�k����s�?5�����"�gl�bj�h��-���
��"���w�p���2����y����e�`-�|�`b�@���nx@��unknown������������g��*�ax� �times new roman5��symbol3.��*�cx� �arial7.���[ @�verdana;���(�[sosimsuna����$b�cambria math q��h�y�gm
�g��<$3<$3!-!),.:;?]}���� & 6"0000 00
00000��� ������=�@�\�]�^���([{� 0
000000��;�[����������2rr 3�q��hx��?�����������������������"�2!xx���userxmr�������oh�� '��0t������� ��
(4<dl�usernormal.dotmxmr176microsoft office word@���@@��d�@v@q�u�<$����՜.�� ,��0�
x`t|�������microsoft3r
���� !"#����%&'()* ,-./0123456789:;<=>?@abcdefghijkl����nopqrst����vwxyz[\��������_������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������root entry�������� �fp��n�u�a�data
������������1table����$qworddocument����26summaryinformation(������������mdocumentsummaryinformation8��������ucompobj������������u������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
���� �f#microsoft office word 97-2003 �ĵ�
msworddocword.document.8�9�q