-k8凯发天生赢家
��ࡱ�>�� bd����a��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������u �r�m)bjbj�n�n2<��a��a_!
�������""������������8�<5�doliiiii}}}�n�n�n�n�n�n�n$�p��s< o�}}}}} o��ii4ommm}z�i�i�nm}�nmmmi���� �6��-������m�n4o0dom�s�f�smmf0�s��k<}}m}}}}} o o9}}}do}}}}���������������������������������������������������������������������s}}}}}}}}}"qs: strategic management journal
volume 44, issue 12, december 2023
1. title: effect of organizational status on employment-related corporate social responsibility: evidence from a regression discontinuity approach
authors: tanya y. tian, brayden g king, edward b. smith
abstract: we examine the effect of organizational status on employment-related corporate social responsibility (csr). as employees derive nonpecuniary benefits from both organizational status and employment-related csr, lower status firms may invest in nonpecuniary employment-related csr to compete in a status-segmented labor market. we identify the effect using a regression discontinuity design (rdd) in the context of the fortune 1000 rankings, as we contend that the 500th rank position marks an artificial breakpoint in status where quality follows a smooth distribution. we find that firms just failing to make the fortune 500 perform significantly better in nonpecuniary employment-related csr. our findings provide causal evidence for the labor market advantage of organizational status and a richer window into the strategic motivations behind csr investments.
2. title: discovery, discernment, and exploitation: entrepreneurial mechanisms at the nexus of individual and opportunity
authors: moshe a. barach, christopher i. rider
abstract: extending the opportunity-discovery perspective on kirznerian entrepreneurship, we propose a general framework in which new businesses emerge from three distinct mechanisms situated at the individual-opportunity nexus: discovery, discernment, and exploitation. we propose observing opportunities in market exchanges and characterizing their profitability potential based on a component that is common to all observers and one that is specific to individual observers who vary in access to market information. analysis of an online platform for freelance labor demonstrates our contributions in theory, measurement, and inference. in this context, discovery and exploitation mechanisms shape individuals' entrepreneurial transitions from freelancer to founder. we discuss applications of our framework across settings, extensions to other types of entrepreneurship, and the viability of opportunity as an orienting construct for entrepreneurship research.
3. title: managing risk in corporate groups: limited liability, asset partitioning, and risk compartmentalization
authors: sharon belenzon, honggi lee, andrea patacconi
abstract: limited liability enables corporate parents to avoid financial responsibility of their subsidiaries. however, courts can disregard separate legal personality, �pierce the corporate veil,� and impose the debts of a subsidiary on its parent�an exception referred to as �enterprise liability.� we argue that in countries with weak enterprise liability, groups can better compartmentalize risks by incorporating more of their units as legally independent subsidiaries. weaker enterprise liability may also induce headquarters to delegate more decision-making authority to their subsidiaries, invest more, and expand faster, although failure rates could rise. using data from 16 countries across the americas, asia, and europe, we provide evidence supporting these predictions. this paper highlights two channels�risk compartmentalization and subsidiary autonomy�through which limited liability laws affect organizational outcomes.
4. title: the theory-based view: entrepreneurial microfoundations, resources, and choices
authors: robert wuebker, todd zenger, teppo felin
abstract: we build on the theory-based view and highlight how an entrepreneur's theory can enable the creation of value. we point to three types of theories: theories of resource arbitrage, resource recombination, or resource investment that specialize resources to particular uses. however, possessing a unique theory is not enough. the realization of an entrepreneur's theory is contingent on matching it with the right organizational and governance-related choices. entrepreneurs must make consequential decisions about protecting intellectual property, running experiments, acquiring resources, composing teams, and securing financing. we develop a contingent approach that enables entrepreneurs to match their theory of value with the appropriate forms of action, thereby providing entrepreneurs with a level of guidance to downstream choices that the current literature fails to provide.
5. title: giant cluster formation and integrating role of bridges in social diffusion
authors: sungyong chang, jeho lee, jaeyong song
abstract: in social networks, isolated subgroups often aggregate into a massively connected subgroup, or a giant cluster, when bridges are built across subgroups. to understand the roles of bridges in integrating subgroups, we develop models focusing on the percentage of bridges among all ties. when it is below 1%, diffusion does not affect many individuals because the system is merely a collection of fragmented subgroups. near 1%, however, we find that a slight increase in the percentage of bridges leads to sudden widespread diffusion across many subgroups. this dramatic change stems from a threshold-like structural characteristic of the network whereby previously fragmented subgroups come together abruptly. our findings suggest that this integrating role of bridges is an important piece missing from the literature on small-world networks.
6. title: disentangling the corporate effect on subsidiary performance
authors: daniel s. andrews, stav fainshmidt, markus fitza, sumit kundu
abstract: corporate parents are important to subsidiary performance, but prior strategy research presents mixed results about the extent to which parents drive subsidiary performance differences. drawing on the corporate strategy literature, we argue that corporate parents� influence depends on the size of the corporate portfolio that determines subsidiaries� access to finite corporate resources and the contextual conditions�industrial relatedness and institutional distance�that favor or constrain the applicability of said resources. we find support using a variance decomposition analysis and data on 12,336 subsidiaries of 854 multinational firms. our study demonstrates that the corporate effect varies according to the structure of the corporate portfolio and the subsidiaries in it. we reconcile theoretical arguments and empirical findings regarding the relative importance of corporate parents to subsidiary performance.
7. title: shifting perspectives: how scrutiny shapes the relationship between ceo gender and acquisition activity
authors: daniel l. gamache, cynthia e. devers, felice b. klein, timothy hannigan
abstract: several upper echelons studies have found that firms led by female executives are less likely to engage in risky endeavors than those led by male top executives. we argue that conceptualizing female ceos as universally conservative decision-makers may paint too simplistic a picture and that the impact of ceo gender on strategic decision-making may vary significantly depending on the given situation ceos are experiencing. we integrate executive job demands and gender research to propose that scrutiny will exhibit differential effects on female and male ceos' acquisition activity. we show that in high-scrutiny contexts, the difference between male and female ceo acquisition activity disappears. in contrast, in low-scrutiny contexts, the difference between male and female ceos' acquisition activity is exaggerated.
8. title: scaling nonhierarchically: a theory of conflict-free organizational growth with limited hierarchical growth
authors: eucman lee, ekin ilseven, phanish puranam
abstract: we propose a theory that explains variations in the relationship between an organization's size and the extent of its authority hierarchy (as captured in managerial intensity). conceptualizing authority hierarchy as a means to manage conflicts among subordinates, we formulate a model in which the number of managers required depends on the magnitude of conflicts generated between and within groups of workers. our analysis shows that scaling non-hierarchically can be accomplished either by creating low conflict �self-managing� teams or reducing conflicts between many �self-contained� teams, but which path is more effective varies by situation. small initial differences in terms of their emphasis on within vs. between team conflict mitigation can lead to large differences as firms scale over time in the extent of their authority hierarchies.
$&.02:;=?@acl�����ʸʸʸ���tl_qc6qhj�5�ojqj^jo(h|�h|�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�]5�cjojqj^jajh
2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h|�h|�5�cjojqj^jaj#h/�h/�5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h|�h|�5�cjojqj^jaj@ab�
uv�
��w�78��bc��������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4���
tuvwy�����
(
)
����������qcsqhcsq:hih�l$ojqj^jo(hd�5�ojqj^jhvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h�jeh�je5�ojqj^jh�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h|�h|�ojqj^jhihj�ojqj^jo(h�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jht45�ojqj^jo(h|�h|�5�ojqj^jhh�5�ojqj^jhicy5�ojqj^j)
��������vw_`}����6789;���Ϳ��͜��́���sfy�l>h�"�h%j,5�ojqj^jhs/�5�ojqj^jo(hihanojqj^jh�g�h�g�ojqj^jh�)hto�ojqj^jo(hd�5�ojqj^jhvi�hto�5�ojqj^jo(ha~vha~v5�ojqj^jhto�hto�5�ojqj^jhto�hto�h�"�h�`�5�ojqj^jhto�5�ojqj^jo(h%j,5�ojqjo(hihu<�ojqj^jo(h�jeh�jeojqj^j;ab���������abcdflm���������������zl^zpb^z�phvi�h�ps5�ojqj^jh!h!5�ojqj^jh�psh�ps5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�ps5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h%j,ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�ojqj^jh�)h$?�ojqj^jo(hh�5�ojqj^jhvi�h$?�5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�5�ojqj^jh$?�5�ojqj^jo(h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^j���� "()efno�����r!s!t!���ǹ�����wi�[pw���c��h5b�h5b�ojqj^jhh�5�ojqj^jhvi�hvi�5�ojqj^jhvi�hr7a5�ojqj^jh5b�h5b�5�ojqj^jhr7ahr7a5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jhr7a5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h!h!ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(f�s!t!�!"x%y%�%&_)a)b)d)e)g)h)j)k)l)m)���������������������gd�gd�)ggd|�gd)w�gdr7at!u!w!]!^!�!�!�!�!�!""" "!"w%x%y%z%\%b%c%����ɻװɰɠ��wi^q�cqh�)gh�)g5�ojqj^jh�)g5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h)w�ojqj^jo(h5�h5�ojqj^jh}onh)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hh�5�ojqj^jhvi�h|�5�ojqj^jh5�h5�5�ojqj^jh|�h|�5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh|�5�ojqj^jo(c%�%�%�%�%�%&&&&^)_)`)b)c)e)f)h)i)l)m)���ƚ�vnjnjnjnjvhq{�jhq{�uh�yhj<ojqj^jo(hp}�hp}�ojqj^jhih)w�ojqj^jo(h$?�h)w�5�ojqj^jhvi�h)w�5�ojqj^jo(hh�5�ojqj^jh�)g5�ojqj^jo(h�)gh�)g5�ojqj^jhvi�h�)g5�ojqj^jhp}�hp}�5�ojqj^j01�82p��. ��a!�"�#��$��%��s����s2���� 0@p`p������2(�� 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p������ 0@p`p��8x�v~�������� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@�� 0@pj_hmh nhsh thj`��jck�e$1$a$ cjkh_hajmh nhsh th$a ���$؞���k=�w[sobi���bnf�h�&��ŝ�]�6��ҩ��n=���in����a7���qb&>!"�h
[�� �lx�z)��w�v�og�%�ţ|8mă#�/��8��'��=���q�u*��c�`c�w{�d6��/�[��yl���%�� ��n� {�\�o�sm�/�~��i�bcax���/=xe��'5��&\�h�4da���,ye\}�)�l�a�����r�^��*�z���y�v-wowz�n�]��:m�v�=t�c���w��r�b���*i�v�u�r��u����|�nc`�|����*^����pk!
ѐ��'theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.rels��m
�0���wooӻ�&݈э���5
6?$q��
�,.�a��i����c2�1h�:�q��m��@rn��;d�`��o7�g�k(m&$r(.1�r'j��њt���8��v�"��aȼ�h�u}��|�$�b{��p����8�g/]�qasم(����#��l�[������pk-!����[content_types].xmlpk-!�֧��60_rels/.relspk-!ky���theme/theme/thememanager.xmlpk-!���f���theme/theme/theme1.xmlpk-!
ѐ��'� theme/theme/_rels/thememanager.xml.relspk]�
m!<���� �)
;�t!c%m)m)�@� @���������h ��0�( �
����0�( �
��b
�s���� ?�\fg o q w � � i
y
�
�
�
�
�
�
�����������������������������_!a!b!d!e!g!h!j!n!! !_!n!3b_!a!b!d!e!g!h!j!n!$&.02;=?bbl��
uvv�����)����v w w ` � � 6
8
8
b
�
�
�
�
�
�
accm������)effo��rtt^����!wyyc����^!n!��q04e��n[g],-�o�����`<|��o";0ri1�%�rrsui��w�i�={u�,� uz*�m� �r=��-9h�s��eme�.~��
{r�v�4�1l2q �"�iaha��og>�u��`�1_%v��nh{��q��u�3�d]-�z:kkkkn;�q0�<�?*�7��:a��^b� �l{��2h�(�#!�q��m4-cqrrs�4>�p]�sao-�?��yn�b~i�(��)ib��>!]�.�`
rv:g&>!��}n!�l��2�"�0r��\�|�md-%;�blrbr]�a
6ji� ��vj�`�[jo 5j90�ry �:[�
k 3q-r�jx 8i� tp� k�|�2~�
��y��k�
?i��� *�?=��#??*�@�4le�dw"
���z�g�kd�2�^e�-h�x�w��t�bs &�x�-z�y��w�i�>�:-��u
kkkkdw"
q�x�=r
-h�
k^r�
�^�vxb�
�=#�/y�pur ����
��'ff�x-z�d�y�(��)fk{z��fv��-�p�'�e��4�!~q�2h`�?i��be��@��fk-<"��l�q�u��y/�x{��]^�~76=&����`
[� ��rh&<�^��oc!��d{�/�"���[��h�2��d���t��w�8i� (f�tl(����}�t�a9�~�8��7l��4�";�g)n��p7v}g�xd|��&�h�w�a�g�b�u�d\*�)#jb�l�d�
)r�}��w�gl$l��r�qh� v���/�h xcz.�^m~;�|p%�fzps7l�ps�#���<>)��s��vj��h5h 5� a�l[�x� xcz�be�yfdxl�y��raj>�n�cr%v��h�a9�� !`��}<�q�}q =�7y]��r�-��.��zf�7��
�e�o[kh,~�hmpm~�mg�=�j��>m�?[%��'w�jo8�l�y2\gqwez ��p]74�`a��m�!�|z��z:�*��b!�g;cq�qq�h�nk^r a�x�t
an�gap�y8��x���s��d���z��j�vzq��t\
~��av'po�_m4�i�w��tkpb�`
rq1��yn�pur �p}��� urep�&>!�z[fxx)!�b!x{�ec!�t�k��oc!�v�>b(p!� ]!�3�l��!nr�q�m�!�j#�g-�!�f�d�[z"�u&z�3�"6'�"�zy�q �"ji�_��m�"� ]!�&�"�)��/�"|z�s\�"=v�g��~#�)9~��k#�� �i3#�#?�=#�i\;�j#p%�sh�#���2k�#�|�#ry �ps�#pb��9�#�sa�d $��yj!4$�`�%�qg$�ep$�"e<@v�$:*�$�[��p�$�]'��?[>�?z]%�`�%vd�i1�%�lyk-,�%�,�=��l�%�z�@�x�%�!0��e&poq�bs &�b*&t�(6=&�'w�rh&2\�qp&nyvc��t�&��&�]'�ep$�tw�'~d:(�r�'�kl��>�'��5�l�'�taz��w(r�@�~d:(�_(it~tl(�x�,�dm�(�t�(�pi�(��]�a#�(�j�`�<>)^e��w)!,�f���)�l�%��)mq{�"*�^�i��le*^l�x�ne*n9��^�*�:8t��[? �v ��o�(s� qh� �`� q�f�� {p���c,@�i��#,�dq[mk, @p�qb,�d&d��,�>m��x�,�{u�,�@�q>,-�m4-rt�h�fk-�r�-�j�n�2@�-�ggc���-x*�y���->o.-dt��t�.��z]�.�x��<}7/d|���y/ds}���/: o=tj�/0�u0{z�o�!0�ran 0gy|�5j90�$�}�;1�0��efw2
�z��>2"o�m�29!"e�w�2�f\�h�2n�~�w�3ui�� �3dj�u�3��x@�4�;�4�d5��p�4@l�5h 5�^b^�
-a5�pv5�d5tw�'��5��5md-�b�5i�d��v�5
-a5�d6�a
6�`d�#6ghch� rc681�6�&7��6�a�r!�6q1���@�6xx�6)1:t�&7�x�\�~74\�7bd9t=r�7��gr
f8c�]��jo8�~�8���8��b�n9?oi�q�9�a:�kx_�>p:s�:kkkk�3�:�!�q�o";�4mjjo;�i\;�%�|c;�q��viu;�ru�;�~7�[u�u�`fr>�>�'i�>r]��v�>lrb�mt?<#iq!{�?p[5=�tf�?�t�&�?�*��o-�?�mt?�s�?
u|3e�?�-x{�8�?�@}��*.}@��)��-�@�t�`�r�@g��z�@z]%hag;��:a�s6ay8���doahu�(�a�le*�&e�ana��.�an���&8b�a�$,&d]�l�d|1�q�i�dbl#g�>e�\���ez�v�n�e�v ��'�e�#�c�hfs�]�=bdf�^^n��z[f�y���f�"�o w~g� l`�#�g�{9=��g=v�g�o�t�{s
h�-h�pv5p@h�og�ghch'\l��&�h�t�e�hoaq�!~q��y#%�q@gku�nr�q�q��qqg$�r)b;r�,�q��0hr�l��zwr�
{r;1�0��y{r�i�r�� �(u�r�$atxcs�#sw/�=fzps8ts)b;r��ts�#�g3%�s�{�s�;�4��g/t�4>�:8t�gn�bd9t]z[t� �m��td $�`�t�s��,!u�rdi�@gku�u0
g�u���uxcs>�uc;�rxyyv�d�^�v4�o�v�j$w�w�w�6�x�m�2:3�x�q�y���x�3�:��o�x�#s^l�x\<�jg�xq>,- q�x�}<��x_/,j�zy��t��`-y<myv��q�yv^mc���y<z�&xfk{z�kd
�zhp��[�enx�:[�=�^�`
[�0�[(>y��f\�?\i�(��\�m��x�\~�f<1/�\�s���7y]�>aqs�]���c�]hv�i���]viu;�]^ph$^�^b^�`.�^�=�^�1_�kx_�a9�ji�_l{�� !`�qb,�� l`�y`� ��t�`�=�}�j�`�qq��u�`�>�`_m�t
a��&na[mk,�9a��q���a��5��>�asq�y�3j�a�zwr�a�t�3b@�z��)ib�u~b1�h��u�b�~#�%;�b@v�$03cd.�b�ggcg-�!�va�c�^����c(�a�u�c�0hr��#�c�j$wvd0q|�`d�d&d�@�m�f�d,-�zn�d�|�#�9!"e2k�#�g e�/e� *^ee����l\e�>e��eme�hgqwe�u
�t�edu�efd��&fji�,\f<}7/��zfs{tq�f3%�s!,�fqx{~�fxx�6�a�f6�f<z�bl#g�^blkqg�j9r��g8|k=�z�g�-9h�k?oi�u�<mebi�rdi�b*&��b~i�y{r4�i�`-y�^�ix�u�nf�i�~7djtj�/v,�j�8�?w�j�`�t�=�j�4�q\<�j�dk�g�tkzl!{�?�klv:g��3�l<|�<ie�lj l�^(m��k��.�mz*�ma�� �m�hn�y`�gn��!�g)nfr>��^^nv��,mn�kj>�nh#�n�gv'po�
���"�o�"�o6gp�e�oh��.�o�r��v�omg���o]z[thptf�?(ap(s� @p�[? bep=r�7�c�p�qp&��dq�vzq� �<#iq�!�q� ���qq =��,�q�w�#!�q{s
h�4�q�a�f�l�q|1�q6s�~r�q3q-rie�l��j9r �3�c;�rn[g� �r�-�@�y0�sb(p!��s{fm-dt�y�)1:to
�v�$at�6�x� 0w?0w?0w?0w?�.�t�/e��t(ap�}�t�o�t�u2�&xph$^�enx[�x,mnf�x&xn
�x�0�<�=.y6�f�� oyrgox*�y�x�u��yd]-sq�y7���yxl�y�t�.��y];yw��y�w��u&z�*n{��tazr=��whkzjx �.tzji��z@�z�.�o���z�`�o��%�z�q�wv{�nh{$,&d�*n{�s�?mq{
hr{��6�jbs{�-x{qx{�@�6m�{�d��0q|�~�vgy|��s�
u|�[|�w)�\�| w~g;�|�g ek�|�.�t�y>�|b�5�ds}xyyv�p}�r>�$�}dm�(�m�}j<�v��=�}jbs{�q�}\
~�=�h,~03c��)9~whkzit~�;�~j{�~0�n�n�~l�s{t�<(>y\*�4e�z �j�{p�4\�7��(k�i����x��m�j�����[w�3`2 r� �p
j^�n�_ati�wbx��.h j<sh�to>s!�r#�l$�}&�w'�m'�m(�)�g)%j,�p.�i/�2�z2'4t4.6�6*8;i8cj8�9�i;�e=k&>e!@jj@r7a�ec�nd�udvf0i4tj�kul%man�%sa~vmkxgy�py#s\�]�^ro_5a�7ahc
2e�je�lf�qf�)gjmi�ckalthllmnnm}on[r�ps0@ui1vyw�yicy�x}�/�^%�wt�d�mw��=��=��`�j�nj��9�l�.~�5�v�q{�=h��j��~�du�� �=i�fj�to�4��m��2�)w���lz�?)���c�|'�7�u<�[�h��t��r��������cb��^�v��\�a�vi�|w�r����g��"���$?��n����
��!�s/����8�yj�*��-��_���$-��f�><���|��r�l!��:��c�7"����s�?5�p}���e6��"�gl�bj�h��-���
��"�l%�w�p�2����y����e�`-�/�5b�|�_!a!�@�^!^!^!^!m!�@��unknown������������g��.�[x� �times new roman5��symbol3.��.�[x� �arial7.���[ @�verdana;���(�[sosimsuna����$b�cambria math 1��h;"�fuk�g�]�d<�d<!-!),.:;?]}���� & 6"0000 00
00000��� ������=�@�\�]�^���([{� 0
000000��;�[����������n!n! 2�q��hp��?�����������������������"�2!xx���r���userlib-x��
�����oh�� '��0t������� ��
(4<dl�usernormallib-x205microsoft office word@n6�0@�y��\�@���-��d��
��՜.�� ,��0�
x`t|�������microsoft<n!
���� !"#$%&����()* ,-./0123456789:;<=>?@abcdefghijklmnop����rstuvwx����z[\]^_`��������c��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������root entry�������� �f�d��-�e�data
������������1table����'�sworddocument����2<summaryinformation(������������qdocumentsummaryinformation8��������ycompobj������������n������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
���� �fmicrosoft word 97-2003 �ĵ�
msworddocword.document.8�9�q