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regularly consult advisory committees, but there is little systematic research on how committee advice influences executive branch policy making. we investigate the food and drug administration's (fda) use of advisory committees when deciding whether or not to approve pharmaceutical drugs and medical devices for marketing. specifically, using 1997�2006 drug and device approval data, we estimate the influence of committee advice on fda decision making. we find that an increase in the proportion of committee members voting for drug approval increases the probability of fda approval and that an increase in the proportion of committee members voting for approval reduces the time it takes for the fda to approve a drug or device application after committee consultation. additionally, for theoretical and empirical reasons, our analysis explores the fda's decision to consult advisory committees and its concern about the delay that committee consultation might introduce. although data limitations enable us to explore these latter issues with respect to approved applications only, our study has some implications for scholarship on committee consultation, bureaucratic delay, and political control. 2. title: does stronger political leadership have a performance payoff? citizen satisfaction in the reform of subcentral governments in england authors: stephen greasley and peter john abstract: an influential literature in urban political and public management debates whether political leadership, in particular the form of council government in the united states, can improve policy and other outcomes by providing coordination, control, and facilitation. the article tests whether stronger political leadership affects citizen satisfaction through the direct connection of leaders to citizens even when the possible effect of policy performance is controlled for. in addition, the article investigates whether majority and coalition governments mediate the impact of leadership. the data are drawn from english local authorities following a reform in 2000 that created separate executive bodies in councils and gave powers to political leaders. the analysis uses regression models on survey data from the english principal local authorities. the article concludes that leader powers predict citizen satisfaction but that single-party majority government does not. the article adds to the literature on the impact of the form of council government by setting out the mechanisms whereby leadership translates to positive citizen outcomes. 3. title: misplaced trust? exploring the structure of the e-government-citizen trust relationship authors: forrest v. morgeson iii, david vanamburg, and sunil mithas abstract: a growing body of research focuses on the relationship between e-government, the relatively new mode of citizen-to-government contact founded in information and communications technologies, and citizen trust in government. for many, including both academics and policy makers, e-government is seen as a potentially transformational medium, a mode of contact that could dramatically improve citizen perceptions of government service delivery and possibly reverse the long-running decline in citizen trust in government. to date, however, the literature has left significant gaps in our understanding of the e-government-citizen trust relationship. this study intends to fill some of these gaps. using a cross-sectional sample of 787 end users of us federal government services, data from the american customer satisfaction index study, and structural equation modeling statistical techniques, this study explores the structure of the e-government-citizen trust relationship. included in the model are factors influencing the decision to adopt e-government, as well as prior expectations, overall satisfaction, and outcomes including both confidence in the particular agency experienced and trust in the federal government overall. the findings suggest that although e-government may help improve citizens� confidence in the future performance of the agency experienced, it does not yet lead to greater satisfaction with an agency interaction nor does it correlate with greater generalized trust in the federal government overall. explanations for these findings, including an assessment of the potential of e-government to help rebuild trust in government in the future, are offered. 4. title: the loyalties of top public administrators authors: gjalt de graaf abstract: images of the modern public administrator clash with yesteryear's neutral public servants obediently carrying out the orders of elected politicians. partly influenced by the literature on new public management, people often argue that public administrators today should ensure quality services, give value for public funds, be responsive, operate strategically, uphold organizations� reputations, and the like. they thus seem to serve many masters, not just politicians, but do the various masters� interests harmonize or contradict? the research question of this article is: where do the loyalties of public administrators lie? the answer involves all the potential objects of their loyalties: colleagues, the public good, moral imperatives, the law, their organizations, the organizations� clients, and elected officials. what is the composition of loyalty for top public administrators? what are their conceptions of loyalty? with the use of q-methodology, we identify and describe four distinct types of public administrators within the context of loyalty: (a) by-the-book professionals, (b) society's neutral servants, (c) the personally grounded, and (d) open and principled independents. these conceptions matter because they indicate how administrators behave and make decisions. 5. title: collaboration and professionalization: the contours of public sector funding for nonprofit organizations authors: david f. su�rez abstract: the nonprofit sector is evolving rapidly as organizations expand their focus on efficiency, sustainability, and accountability. public agencies are changing as well, embracing collaborative public management and fostering stewardship-based contracting approaches. but how have all these developments influenced government funding for nonprofit organizations? which types of nonprofits procure public funds, and how do patterns change over time? based on 200 interviews with leaders of nonprofit organizations in the san francisco bay area, i argue that standard management strategies for achieving mission have become increasingly relevant for procuring government grants and contracts. results indicate that professionalization and collaboration are consequential for receiving government support, net of prior funding, and collaboration also contributes to total support from government. building from these results, i conclude by discussing the opportunities and challenges of public�nonprofit relations. 6. title: the behavioral dimension of governing interorganizational goal-directed networks�managing the unity-diversity tension authors: angel saz-carranza and sonia m. ospina abstract: network management research documents how network members engage in activities to advance their own goals. however, this literature offers little insight into the nature of work that aims to advance the goals of the network as a �whole.� by examining the behavioral dimension of network governance, this article identifies a specific tension that network leaders address to effectively govern networks: although unity and diversity are essential to network performance, each makes contradictory demands which require attention. findings from four case studies of immigrant networks in the united states point to three activities representing mechanisms that staff of network administrative organizations use to address this (network level) managerial tension. the study proposes that unity versus diversity represents a distinct challenge to the governance of networks that requires strategic action at the whole-network level and merits further study. 7. title: management innovation and organizational performance: the mediating effect of performance management authors: richard m. walker, fariborz damanpour, and carlos a. devece abstract: management innovations (mis) are widely adopted, but their influences on organizational performance are little researched in public settings. positing that the mi-performance relationship is complex and is conditional over other characteristics of the organization, we examine the influence of mi on organizational performance both directly and indirectly through performance management (pm). pm is an important organizational process characteristic arising from public management reform and in itself influences performance. we test our hypotheses using structural equation models with data from three sources in english local governments. the findings indicate that the impact of mi on performance is not direct; it is mediated by pm. we also find that pm positively affects organizational performance. in conclusion, we discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice. �n n/ffnċ: 8. title: accountability in an intergovernmental context: federal education policy as a cautionary tale authors: elizabeth rigby abstract: the article reviews the book  the ordeal of equality: did federal regulation fix the schools? by david k. 456>@gistuw`����ʻ�����|ht@0h�xfhu<�5�ojqj^jaj'h�xfh�"u5�ojqj^jajmh sh 'h�xfhu<�5�ojqj^jajmh sh 'h�xfh�ud5�ojqj^jajmh sh h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�o�h�o�5�cjojqj^jaj hzk5�cjojqj^jajo(hzk5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h�o�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�o�h�o�5�cjojqj^jaj5tuv��� � t�!"��gh����= w q$r$�$%��������������������������gd|y�g$h$gd�xfgd�"�$a$gd�"����� � � � � � � s}��� 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