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��ࡱ�>�� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ �r�1lbjbj`.`.2�d�gd�g#d �������66������������8t�$��v���������vvvvvvv$kx�![f*v������*v����4?v���� ����v��v���������z���������4��uuv0�v�g[(fg[��@4g[��r��������*v*vn.����v������������������������������������������������������������������������g[���������6b �: urban studies volume 60, issue 11, august 2023 1. title: politicising proximity: radical municipalism as a strategy in crisis authors: laura roth, bertie russell, matthew thompson abstract: as new municipalism comes of age, prefixes proliferate: from democratic and autonomist to post-growth and care municipalisms. how do all these variegations relate to each other and to the wider movement of which they claim a part? what does all this conceptual creativity amount to, epistemologically and politically? how can we distill the most salient lessons for the further development of theory and practice in the years ahead? this article is our attempt to answer such questions and to define more precisely the contours of this emerging field of praxis. first, we delineate within new municipalism the target of our analytical gaze �radical municipalism. radical municipalism is not simply progressive policies happening in cities, and should not be conflated with pragmatic, entrepreneurial or state-centric perspectives. rather, we argue it is a speculative hypothesis about how systemic transformation might be wrought through coordinated action at the urban or municipal scale, understood as a strategic entry-point for counter-hegemonic struggle. key here is proximity and the politicisation and socialisation of proximate relations of encounter and assembly. second, we delve deeper into what we identify as four salient dimensions marking this terrain � economic reorganisation, democratisation of political decision-making, feminisation of politics, ecological transformation � as a multi-dimensional lens through which to introduce, and situate within the wider literature, the 15 articles that comprise this double special issue. throughout these contributions to the theory and practice of municipalist strategy, the issue of crisis looms large: both historically, as an animating spur to action and opportunity for political intervention, and operationally, as a structuring condition and limiting factor of a strategy arguably in crisis itself. finally, we reflect on the epistemological, methodological and political implications of pursuing radical municipalist strategies in the current conjuncture. 2. title: the caring city? a critical reflection on barcelona�s municipal experiments in care and the commons authors: angelina kussy, david palomera, daniel silver abstract: there is an urgent need to develop a coherent political strategy to address the current crisis of care. allocation of care through the market or the state leads to a care and democratic deficit. organising care on the logic of the commons provides an alternative paradigm rooted in democracy and solidarity. municipalism aims to build institutions to enable the commons; it represents a political strategy for the crisis of care at scale. in this paper we explore barcelona en comu�s experiments in care to build upon what has been termed �care; municipalism�. our case study focuses on domestic care work as a domain that reflects the core inequalities of the crisis. through our analysis we have identified three key features of care municipalism: firstly, a feminist narrative of care; secondly, new forms of organising care and thirdly, building social infrastructures. the paper closes with a reflection on the limitations of barcelona en comu�s experiments in care from a perspective of the commons, before outlining a future research agenda to contribute towards more caring cities. 3. title: understanding the crisis of new municipalism in spain: the struggle for urban regime power in a coru�a and santiago de compostela authors: adrian bua, jonathan s davies abstract: new municipalism in spain arose from a major political wave, now in a period of crisis and electoral retreat. this paper applies a regime-theoretic framework to analyse new municipalist governance in two smaller city cases: a coru�a and santiago de compostela. it argues that whilst new municipalist electoral victories inaugurated a crisis for established regimes, the crucial weakness was that they did not consolidate new urban regimes. municipalists faced severe governability challenges linked to the enduring power of older urban regimes. the paper suggests that this is explained by problems in establishing regime incumbency, the consolidation of the necessary governing capacity by a resource coalition to deliver its agenda and succeed politically. although established regimes were weakened enough to lose elections, they maintained considerable capacity to constrain the municipalist project and shape urban governance, a significant degree of incumbency. this ultimately enabled them to recover office in 2019. we argue that a critical regime-theoretical perspective assists in understanding the wider crisis of spanish municipalism and the multi-scalar struggle for hegemony as it plays out in the local state arena. 4. title: counter-logistics and municipalism: popular infrastructures during the pandemic in rosario authors: leandro minuchin, julieta maino abstract: logistics, as the language and practice that organises the distribution of matter and value, not only scripts the infrastructural expansion of late capitalist urbanisations, it also informs the tactics of survivability and resistance that address the spatial and social disparities generated by the latter. behind the arrangement of makeshift infrastructural set-ups for commercial exchange, food distribution and community support, there is a form of popular logistics, interventions put in place to articulate the circulation of resources, weave nodes of solidarity and navigate the bureaucratic and territorial distances that exist across institutional scales. the paper frames the integration of these forms of counter-logistical expressions as an emerging form of municipalism. focussing on municipal responses to the pandemic, the essay describes the emergence of counter forms of logistics in rosario, argentina. it registers the material and virtual adaptations that social movements, neighbourhood organisations and public agencies put in place to configure different forms of producing and distributing goods and services in the city. in a context where privatised infrastructures of distribution mediate the expressions of urban life, the paper positions the articulation of common and popular forms of logistics as a strategic dimension of municipal politics. 5. title: prefigurative legality: transforming municipal jurisdiction authors: amelia thorpe, bronwen morgan abstract: this paper argues that prefigurative legality plays an important role in crafting municipalist strategy. we explore the experience of the city of sydney in relation to new municipalism, focusing on its trajectory as a �boundary case� that generates incrementally accrued transformative potential under conditions of muted political partisanship. the paper argues that at least in a boundary case such as this, legality can be a key and underappreciated component of transformative strategy, particularly if its prefigurative potential is appreciated. prefigurative legality as a component of strategy is less about reconfiguring forms of state practice and more a means of institutionalising substantive policies and state practices in ways that extend the connection between community and state. as such, prefigurative legality has a deeply ambivalent relationship with the state and is both more incremental and more inclined to be �merely progressive� than the prefigurative politics of radical municipalism. nonetheless, we argue that legality still acts as an important and underappreciated pivot between power and resistance, especially where legal pluralism and multi-scalar indeterminacy are salient. the paper makes this argument while tracking the city of sydney�s engagement with three dimensions of legality � delegated jurisdiction, legal pluralism and multi-scalar indeterminacy � and the ways in which these trajectories intersect with state and national government responses. while the sydney case may fall just outside the boundaries of �classic� instances, the role of legality in this setting generates valuable insights for the longer-term trajectories of more radical versions of new municipalism. 6. title: the commonification of the public under new municipalism: commons�state institutions in naples and barcelona authors: iolanda bianchi abstract: the transformation of local state institutions by way of the paradigm of the common � the creation of commons�state institutions � has become one of the strategies of new municipalist practices. it is an attempt to overcome two crises: the crises of both the privatised and the bureaucratic state forms. it aims to take back the production and distribution of the �public� by the state and to democratise this process. the article analyses the discursive use and material implementation of the paradigm of the common in the transformation of local state institutions, and how contested meanings attributed to it by different actors may influence the definition of commons�state institutions. it analyses two new municipalist contexts, naples and barcelona, and examines the common-inspired transformation of their local public services: water services and sociocultural facilities, respectively. it argues that commons�state institutions are negotiated institutional configurations that emerge from the synthesis of the situated and experimental interpretation of the paradigm of the common shared by (different segments of) state and civil society actors, and whose governance needs to be adequately and openly codified to make them robust and enduring. 7. title: strategies for a new municipalism: public�common partnerships against the new enclosures authors: bertie russell, keir milburn, kai heron abstract: this article considers the potential of public�common partnerships (pcps) to act as a new municipalist intervention against the privatisation and financialisation of land in the uk. in previous publications, we have presented pcps in abstract terms as a municipalist organisational form that could help communities eschew the disciplinary effects of finance capital to pursue alternative democratic forms of urban development. here, we start to examine what this process looks like in practice. the article draws from ongoing participatory action research in two contrasting case studies, wards corner in haringey and union street in plymouth. we find that by establishing enduring organisational structures where collective decisions can be made about who owns and manages land and assets, pcps could bolster already existing efforts to democratise urban development in both cities. as an organisational form, pcps reframe the �local� as a politics of proximity, decentre and reimagine the role of municipal institutions and foreground a politics of the common. this makes them an archetypal new municipalist strategy, well-suited to contesting the enclosure of urban landscapes. the article concludes by considering the development of pcps within the broader new municipalist tendency. 8. title: from the streets to the town halls: municipalist platforms in the post-yugoslav space authors: chiara milan abstract: in the last decade, urban social movements that emerged in the yugoslav successor states decided to form political platforms to enter the institutional arena, often after years of mobilisation for the right to the city. their aim was to seize power at the local level, trying to provide an answer to the crisis of representative democracy and to oppose the process of centralisation of power. these platforms ran for elections in zagreb (croatia) and belgrade (serbia), to reclaim local autonomy on societal, environmental, economic and political matters. based on ethnographic work, document analysis and a series of in-depth interviews with activists, this article explores the trajectories of two platforms, �zagreb is ours� (zagreb je na�) in zagreb, croatia, and �we won�t let belgrade d(r)own� (ne davimo beograd) in belgrade, serbia. it analyses the factors accounting for the choice of urban activists to embrace new municipalist ideas as strategic ideological and political positioning of their electoral platforms, arguing that the reasons are twofold: the embeddedness into regional and transnational activist networks, which facilitated the process of diffusion of new municipalist ideas across europe and locally, and the resonance of new municipalism with socialist yugoslavia�s decentralised system of self-management and direct democracy, an historical experience that the platforms� initiators partially reappraised. 9. title: new institutions and the politics of the interstices. experimenting with a face-to-face democracy in naples authors: mauro pinto, luca recano, ugo rossi abstract: this article analyses the politics of new municipalism in naples in relation to the constellation of �new institutions� that has arisen from this politics. these �new institutions� are illustrative of a politics of the interstices as a distinctive trait of the convergence between city government and social movements in naples, as the latter have opted for staying neither outside nor inside official institutions and the city government has adapted its conduct to this strategy. to illustrate this point, the article explores the emerging constellation of �new institutions� in naples, which is understood as an embryonic form of radical �face-to-face democracy� (in murray bookchin�s terms) at the municipal level, that departs from mainstream conceptions of participatory democracy and commons-based democracy. through this analysis, the article argues that the experience of new municipalism in naples offers evidence of a kind of participatory urban democracy understood not in a procedural sense but in a genuinely political vein, where civic participation and political conflict productively coexist with institutional creativity. 10. title: when bookchin faces bourdieu. french �weak� municipalism, legitimation crisis and zombie political parties authors: vincent b�al, nicolas maisetti, gilles pinson, max rousseau abstract: the french municipal elections of 2020 were marked by the emergence of �citizen lists� in several cities. these lists are discussed here as �weak� form of new municipalism: they integrate some ideas and logics of new municipalism without having the same level of radicality as the most emblematic international examples of the movement. by analysing these initiatives from a political sociology perspective inspired by bourdieu�s work on the political field, we develop three main arguments. first, new municipalism in france emerged in response to a deepening political crisis. at the local scale, this crisis is fuelling a misalignment between urban societies and political parties that support entrepreneurial agendas. this has laid out the conditions for the emergence of a new municipalism, formed of complex and contradictory new social alliances. second, this movement has been dominated by a �participationist ideology�. citizens� lists have placed strong emphasis on the search for innovative participatory tools, but have invested much less energy in the construction of an alternative urban political platform. third, we underline the unfinished nature of the new municipalism revolution, where the movement�s impetus has been weakened by the resilience of �zombie� political parties. in the end, the article highlights the need to take into greater consideration existing political and institutional contexts in the study of new municipalism. 11. title: realising direct democracy through representative democracy: from the yellow vests to a libertarian municipalist strategy in commercy authors: sixtine van outryve abstract: among the many criticisms carried by the yellow vests movement, criticisms related to representative government as a mode of exercising power occupy a prominent place and find resonance within the broader contemporary crisis of representative democracy. in the face of this crisis, the yellow vests movement has put forward many alternative propositions for direct democracy. this contribution focuses on the local experiment of assembly direct democracy that has taken place in the municipality of commercy, a town in the meuse region of eastern france, from the beginning of the yellow vests movement to the municipal elections of march 2020. the contribution studies the specific strategy the movement adopted, that of running for elections to give power to the assembly that gathers the town residents. as the movement created a form of direct democracy � the assembly � to mark its opposition to representative democracy, and then used the paradigmatic mechanism of representative democracy � the elections � to give power to the assembly, it enables an understanding of how a movement navigated the dialectical relationship between representative and direct democracy in the framework of a libertarian municipalist electoral strategy and the tensions that have arisen in the process. 12. title: interrupting the neoliberal masculine state machinery? strategic selectivities and municipalist practice in barcelona and zagreb authors: martin sarnow, norma tiedemann abstract: all municipalist initiatives are confronted with what marx called the �state machinery�: an ensemble of apparatuses protecting the status quo of capitalist accumulation. it is difficult for municipalist movements to sustain their momentum of storming the city halls in the face of this reality. looking at barcelona en com� (barcelona in common) and zagreb je na�! (zagreb is ours!), the article discusses what experiences municipalist actors gain when inspecting the state machinery close up. we identify the traces they leave on the materiality of the (local) state: organising participation as conflict, scandalising the serving of particularistic interests, and confronting sexist behaviour within the masculine apparatuses. nevertheless, the examples illustrate the systemic inertia of the hegemonically programmed state apparatuses and the difficulties of breaking with neoliberal and masculinist policies. 13. title: bridging bureaucracy and activism: challenges of activist state-work in the 1980s greater london council authors: tim joubert abstract: an emerging literature on �new municipalism� has identified attempts not only to transform local state functions to respond to the urban crises of neoliberal austerity, but also to transform the structure and practices of the state itself, embedding democratic processes into local government. this article utilises the historical experience of the �new urban left� within the greater london council (glc) from 1981 to 1986 to explore the internal dynamics of state transformation in a context of municipal activism. it situates the glc�s progressive policy responses to the urban crises of the early 1980s within a more quotidian project of state remaking, in which activists worked in-and-against the established political cultures and practices of the local state. the new urban left�s transformative, rather than simply instrumental, approach to the local state � rooted in the democratic politics of progressive social movements � challenges straightforward dichotomies between state and society. the article frames these nascent municipalist characteristics with a theoretical argument based on an autonomist-marxist account of the state as a form of social relations, one that emphasises how capitalist crises pivot on the internal contradictions of labour. this reading directs theoretical attention to the �prosaic� labour of state officials, and the article thus considers the quotidian experience of politicised officials in the glc, whose activity blurred boundaries between political activism and professional labour. the practical contradictions involved in such forms of �activist state-work�� working within bureaucratic and legal limits, experimenting with new organisational forms, and negotiating contested workplace subjectivities � reveal forms of boundary-bridging between activism and statehood that highlight the potentially transformative dynamics within the labour of local governance. this unstable tightrope-walk between bureaucratic constraint and political agency at the nexus of state-work contributes to new municipalist thinking about reshaping the conduct of urban governance. 14. title: new municipalism and the governance of urban transitions to sustainability authors: siddharth sareen, katinka lund waagsaether abstract: cities play increasingly recognised roles in global climate change responses: as change laboratories, spaces of opportunity, and as administrative and economic hubs that concentrate human and financial resources and needs. they host high climate mitigation potential and acute climate adaptation vulnerabilities. scholarship flags conventional urban planning approaches to limit global warming to 1.5�c as inadequate. yet urban sustainability transitions literature features few examples of functioning alternative governance and planning paradigms. this paper assesses one such approach, new municipalism: social movements centred on a democratic transformation of the local economy and state. we combine attention to urban sustainability transitions and new municipalism research to interrogate whether and how the latter can facilitate the provision of leadership and institutional arrangements that enable urban transformation to sustainability. our desk study considers two prominent examples of new municipalism in spain, where barcelona en com� and ahora madrid arose as anti-austerity movements to combat neoliberal urban agendas during the 2010s. we find that the praxis of collective decision-making associated with new municipalism does offer inclusive, innovative policy pathways and the potential to implement experimental knowledge and learning in complex real-world settings at the urban scale. we argue, however, that powerful neoliberal mechanisms impose structural constraints on the very push for deep political change that new municipalist movements embody. by linking transformative climate governance needs with new municipalism movements and wider political economic structuring forces, we explicate the tensions and contested dynamics of institutionalising progressive social movements in the multi-scalar governance of urban sustainability transformation. 15. title: new municipalism in south america? developing theory from experiences in argentina and chile authors: emilia arpini, alexander panez, andrew cumbers, bethia pearson abstract: working towards social transformation through forms of participatory and economic democracy is a core element of the new municipalist agenda. while utilising a �politics of proximity� to develop citizen-led collectives in various forms and at various scales, these projects reimagine and reclaim the local state for social and ecological justice. however, much of the empirical literature that has fed into the development of this conceptualisation of new municipalism, while having a global ambition, has been based on european experiences. thus, there are key questions around its applicability to other places, particularly in the global south. south america has generated some of the emblematic cases of struggles against neoliberalism through reclaiming public services, from important interventions in reversing privatisations in the region to influential municipalist innovations, including participatory public policies such as participatory budgeting. this article seeks to critically interrogate new municipalism through an engagement with key social and political changes, state�civil society dynamics and political concepts in south america, illustrated with examples from municipal grassroots initiatives in argentina and chile. it argues that municipalism can be more extensively theorised by, first, engaging with a broader temporality than just moments of crisis; second, being attentive to the longer history of diverse participatory municipal initiatives in the region; and finally, incorporating the concept of territory (territorio in spanish), which has emerged as a key dimension for understanding social transformations in the region. 16. title: towards variegated �peripheral municipalisms�: the experience of valpara�so and recoleta, chile authors: fernando toro, hern�n orozco abstract: in the context of a renewed interest in new forms of municipalism, this paper seeks to contribute by critically analysing two cases of the municipal experience in chile: valpara�so and recoleta. by coining the notion of �peripheral municipalisms�, our aim is to give voice to a diversity of municipal endeavours in the global south marked by highly precarious forms of local government. in both case studies, municipalist strategies are used as tools to challenge deep-rooted neoliberal structures. through a qualitative methodology, based mainly on document analysis and semi-structured interviews, we analyse particular forms of municipalism based on the remunicipalisation of public services and broad-based citizen platforms. these institutional reforms and participatory practices have enabled more just futures by challenging dependency on central government and building a more egalitarian urban process. the article calls for more situated studies on municipalist forces in the global south in order to continue building this translocal movement from comparative experiences, going beyond �model cases�.      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