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volume 36, issue 4, october 2023
1. title: negativity bias in welfare policy feedback effects on mass publics
authors: zhang, youlang; wang, qiang; zhao, menghan.
abstract: extant studies on policy feedback effects have examined how a welfare increase, rather than a decrease, might shape policy attitudes or political engagement. nevertheless, exploring the effects of welfare decrease on the mass public is significant because of its increasingly crucial relevance to public policy practices worldwide. using a unique longitudinal national panel survey dataset (2015�2017) related to china's minimum living standard guarantee program, this study examines how welfare program benefits influence the policy perceptions and political participation of more than 10,000 economically disadvantaged respondents. a series of analyses showed that all else being equal, starting to receive program benefits in a year does not necessarily produce a positive effect on policy perceptions or on political participation. however, being deprived of program benefits in a year has a significantly negative effect on policy perceptions and political participation. these findings concur with the negativity bias proposed in the psychology literature and contribute to the understanding of the micro-level foundations of welfare policy feedback effects on the mass public.
2. title: why efforts to fight corruption can undermine the social contract: lessons from a survey experiment in nigeria
authors: cheeseman, nic; peiffer, caryn.
abstract: anticorruption awareness raising efforts are designed to encourage citizens to resist and report corruption but have been found to either not work or have unwanted effects�including increasing bribe payment. this article represents the first test of whether these efforts also undermine critical aspects of a society's social contract, namely, willingness to pay tax. using a household level survey experiment in lagos, nigeria, we assess whether exposure to five messages about (anti)corruption influence citizens' belief that they have a duty to pay taxes, or �tax morale�. though they were different in tone and content, four of the five messages undermined tax morale. we argue that this is likely because anti-corruption messages raise awareness of corruption risks, and hence concerns that taxes will be wasted. in turn, this highlights a new potential unintended and unwanted consequence of policy interventions that focus on raising awareness of government failings.
3. title: the chemical framework: exploring europeanisation in french, austrian, and irish ehealth policy processes
authors: b�rut, chlo�.
abstract: the aim of this article is to present a new �chemical� framework, through which heterogeneous observations on public policy-making can be systematically interpreted. this chemical framework is based on a combination of policy stages and john w. kingdon's multiple streams framework. this framework has three points of potential analytical leverage, which are identified in this article: the conceptualisation of temporal triggers that go beyond agenda-setting, the opportunity to conduct holistic analyses of the policy processes, and a focus on the connections between policy stages and the way these connections affect the three streams. these three dimensions are explored by analysing the process of soft europeanisation occurring in french, austrian, and irish digital health (ehealth) policies. the empirical sections therefore detail how eu-induced changes may be conceptualised using the chemical framework, highlighting avenues for future research in europeanisation and policy studies.
4. title: compliance with government policies during emergencies: trust, participation and protective actions
authors: mizrahi, shlomo; cohen, nissim; vigoda gadot, eran; krup, dana natan.
abstract: when and why do citizens comply with government policies and restrictions during emergencies? we investigate possible answers to this question. we propose a mediation model where trust in government and emergency organizations as well as perceived government effectiveness mediate the relationships between participation in decision making and the willingness to comply. we also utilize the protective action decision making model where perceptions about protective actions and threats can add to the explanation. using a national survey distributed to a representative sample of the israeli population during the wake of a second wave of the spread of covid 19, we found that the willingness to comply during emergencies is related to these research variables. participation in decision making appears to be the main variable, but it is negatively related to the willingness to comply. we conclude that the public sector should develop and improve communication and participatory mechanisms with citizens specifically for emergencies.
5. title: valuation of sector switching and politicization in the governance of corporatized public services.
authors: papenfu�, ulf; schmidt, christian arno.
abstract: corporatization has great potential for public service provision, but governments face severe challenges in recruiting executive directors (eds) with relevant human capital. debates arise about the roles of sector switching and politicization in public corporation governance, but a critical research gap exists. ed pay (edp) is a crucial governance factor and signifies the valuation of ed human capital. this study links debates on sector switching and politicization with human capital theory discourses and analyzes a panel dataset of 1832 ed observations in 291 german public corporations. political mandate holders and former private sector eds receive significantly higher edp, whereas political human capital is valued even higher. operating in a profit context strengthens the pay effects for political mandate holders but, contrary to widespread assumptions, not for former private sector eds. this study enhances the theoretical understanding of the valuation of human capital factors in public corporation governance and provides important research perspectives.
6. title: government responsiveness and citizen satisfaction: evidence from environmental governance.
authors: nie, lin; wang, hongchuan.
abstract: prior research has overlooked the dynamics between government responsiveness and citizen satisfaction. this article addresses this gap by examining (1) how styles of government responses affect citizen satisfaction differently and (2) how external events moderate the effects of government responsiveness on citizens. drawing upon 79,360 environmental demands sent to local leaders in china and 100,905 chinese citizens' environmental assessments collected from 2013 to 18, this study finds that actional and explanatory responses positively influence citizen satisfaction, while referral responses negatively affect citizen satisfaction. moreover, these relationships are subject to the moderating effects of exogenous pressures. top down pressure from the central government's environmental inspections and bottom up pressure from the environmental documentary under the dome represent two types of exogeneities during the study period. the findings corroborate a dynamic government citizen relationship that is shaped by government responding actions and sociopolitical changes.
7. title: politicians' complaint response: e governance and personal relationships.
authors: o'brochta, william.
abstract: when do politicians respond to individuals' public service complaints? technological solutions termed e governance have been shown to help increase responsiveness in some developing nations where they serve to connect individuals, politicians, and bureaucrats for the first time. i argue that in country contexts like india, where personal connections to bureaucrats and politicians are common, politicians are less responsive to complaints registered with e governance systems than to complaints delivered via personal connections. using data from public complaints, complaint responses, and field interviews in delhi, i show that politicians are not responsive when complaints submitted to e governance systems increase, but that they are responsive to complaints submitted to them through personal connections. this result suggests that the introduction of an e governance system does not necessarily increase government performance. politicians are incentivized to be more responsive to complaints registered directly with them because those complaints are more likely to generate electoral benefits.
8. title: informal networks as investment: a qualitative analysis from uganda and tanzania.
authors: baez camargo, claudia; costa, jacopo; koechlin, lucy.
abstract: the paper interprets informal networks as investments made by citizens and business people to cope with the public sphere. informal networks often orchestrate corruption, connecting public and private actors. the paper aims to understand their key characteristics, scopes, and functional roles. ten mini case studies from tanzania and uganda are studied. the research applies narrative analysis to explore the experiences of citizens, entrepreneurs, and low level public officials, who built informal networks as a problem solving mechanism. it uses a grounded theory approach. the findings serve as working hypotheses about variables and patterns emerging from the bottom up analysis. the paper outlines: (a) whether there are distinct types of informal networks associated with particular types of corruption; (b) how, why and by whom these networks are built; (c) whether different individuals play specific roles; (d) the unwritten expectations and norms that govern such networks. the results highlight critical implications for anti corruption practice, showing, for example, how this can be strengthened by shifting the intervention unit from individuals to networks.
9. title: buying stones: welfare spending and protests in argentina, 2008�2019.
authors: del tredici, romina; gonz�lez, lucas; zarazaga, rodrigo.
abstract: why do some governments manage to curb protest while others cannot and turmoil escalates to a social outbreak? this study proposes a theoretical argument that specifies how discretionary spending reduces conflict, highlighting the role of social movements in managing protests. it examines this and alternative arguments in argentina, a country with strong social movements and historically large mobilizations, using statistical analysis with an original database on protests and a population of 364 national government programs between 2008 and 2019. the article makes a contribution by finding a differential effect between specific types of social spending, programmatic and discretional, and protests. it also specifies the linkage between the main variables using qualitative evidence during two presidencies. the goal of discretionary distribution is not to win an election but to ensure governance. the article finally raises some comparative implications on the role of social movements and welfare spending in latin america.
10. title: how political connections exploit loopholes in procurement institutions for government contracts: evidence from china.
authors: lu, shenghua; wang, hui.
abstract: conventional studies show that political connections have significant distributional effects. yet, the means by which political connections affect the distribution of economic resources has not been fully investigated. this paper examines the role of political connections in the allocation of government procurements in china by combining quantitative and qualitative evidence. for quantitative analysis, we focus on a specific type of political connections, namely revolving door recruitment. a unique dataset between 2016 and 2020 based on the contract level transaction records of government procurements and the resumes of listed firms' board members and executives is established. the results suggest that firms establishing political connections by recruiting former government officials acquire more government procurements in the connected jurisdictions. complementing with qualitative analysis from two publicly reported judicial cases, we show that political connections exploiting the loopholes in procurement institutions, including manipulating procurement methods, setting up restrictive requirements, and intervening in the process of expert evaluation, drives the allocation of government procurements. the results demonstrate that political connections exploit the loopholes in the context of weak institutions to benefit companies.
11. title: vacancies among appointees in u.s. federal agencies: implications for employee attitudes and intentions.
authors: rutherford, amanda; hameduddin, taha.
abstract: attention to vacancies in appointee positions subject to u.s. senate confirmation has grown dramatically. research regarding appointee vacancies commonly assumes negative consequences�loss of political control, promotion of second rate subordinates, undermined teamwork for public agencies though little empirical work exists to confirm such expectations. this study tests whether vacancies at the top of u.s. federal agencies influence job satisfaction and turnover intention among upper level employees. using vacancy data and multiple waves of the federal human capital survey/federal employee viewpoint survey, we find that upper level employees report marginally higher levels of satisfaction when vacancies occur. further, these vacancies have a negative association with individual level intent to leave an agency for another job in the federal government, signaling a higher likelihood that institutional knowledge is maintained.
12. title: professional ecologies in european sustainable finance.
authors: seabrooke, leonard; stenstr�m, annika.
abstract: finding direction in new policy areas requires a combination of mandate, expertise, and stakeholder engagement. here we investigate the formation of the eu's sustainable finance agenda through activity in and around its high level expert group and technical expert group. actors from different professional ecologies struggle to determine the treatment of
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19. title: sacred foundations: the religious and medieval roots of the european state.
authors: saylor, ryan.
abstract: anna grzymala-busse lucidly details how the roman catholic church influenced state building in medieval europe. and although grzymala-busse argues that "the medieval church fundamentally shaped state formation in europe" (p. 12), she is ultimately cautious and does not "claim that the church somehow determined the course of european state development" (p. 181). i sacred foundations i deserves to be a touchstone of european state formation for its breadth, incisiveness, and originality.
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