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volume 49(1), january 2012
1. title: socialist summer-home settlements in post-socialist suburbanisation
authors: kadri leetmaa, isolde brade, kristi anniste, and mari nuga
abstract: the construction of new housing has been the most visible of all the spatial changes to have affected the post-socialist suburban landscape. it is argued in this article that former summer-home settlements are a hidden component of contemporary residential suburbanisation in former socialist countries. the building of summer or weekend homes (dacha settlements in the former soviet union) around major cities for urban residents was a specific feature of socialist metropolitan planning. after removing construction restrictions, the stock of vacant dachas started to support the supply side of the suburban housing market. while dachas were a reserve of affordable housing during the recession of the 1990s, they served as a stock of building plots during the construction boom of the mid 2000s. in the tallinn metropolitan area, former second homes are even more important than new post-1991 residential areas in terms of giving access to detached houses to the metropolitan population.
2. title: making scents of transition: smellscapes and the everyday in �old� and �new� urban poland
authors: martyna zliwa andkathleen riach
abstract: in this article, the growing body of literature on transition within central and eastern europe is developed by exploring how discussing the senses may illuminate the experience of change to post-socialism for urban dwellers. after situating the study within the rich ethnographic heritage on urban transition, the key tenets of �geographies of smell� are outlined as a means of inquiry which emphasises the lived, sensually embodied experience of transition. the empirical study is focused upon the interrogation of the meanings created by, and attached to, olfactory experience in contemporary poland, discussing three motifs that highlight the symbolic and transformative role of smell in relation to transition. in understanding smell as playing an active role in the creation of meaning, not only are current debates surrounding geographies of smell extended, but it is argued that addressing the relatively neglected sensual dimension of the social provides an avenue into more nuanced dimensions of urban transition.
3. title: multiple transformations: conceptualising the post-communist urban transition
authors: ludk s�kora andstefan bouzarovski
abstract: this paper develops a conceptual framework for interpreting the process of urban change in post-communist cities. the departure from the legacies of the communist past has been effected through multiple transformation dynamics of institutional, social and urban change. while institutional reforms have been largely accomplished, the adjustment of urban land use patterns to new societal conditions is still ongoing. hence, post-communist cities are still cities in transition. using this interpretative framework and referring to a wide spectrum of academic work, the paper provides an overview of urban restructuring in post-communist countries over the past two decades with a specific focus on the examples of mutual integration of the three fields of transformation.
4. title: ambassadors, business improvement district governance and knowledge of the urban
authors: randy lippert andmark sleiman
abstract: this article explores practices of uniformed, mobile �hospitality� teams called ambassadors in canadian downtown cores through document analysis and in-depth interviews with ambassadors, police and business improvement district (bid) personnel. the study reveals how ambassadors conduct surveillance and produce knowledge to remake downtowns for a consumption-oriented order, the institutions to which knowledge is transferred and for what purposes. the paper argues that the significance of ambassadors in downtown cores cannot be reduced to a physical security function. rather, ambassadors� scope is broader and reflects bids� peculiar and precarious institutional position in urban governance, one that is highly dependent on knowledge for shaping and encouraging downtown consumption, justifying practices to its mandatory membership and board, and persuading other institutions to do its bidding.
5. title: network accessibility and employment centres
authors: genevieve giuliano, chris redfearn, ajay agarwal, and sylvia he
abstract: this research examines the impact of accessibility on the growth of employment centres in the los angeles region between 1990 and 2000. there is extensive empirical documentation of polycentricity�the presence of multiple concentrations of employment�in large metropolitan areas. however, there is limited understanding of the determinants of growth of employment centres. it has long been held that transport investments influence urban structure, particularly freeways and airports. using data on 48 employment centres, the effects are tested of various measures of accessibility on centre employment growth: highway accessibility, network accessibility and two measures of labour force accessibility. access to airports is also tested. it is found that, after controlling for centre size, density, industry mix, location within the region and spatial amenities, labour force accessibility and network accessibility are significantly related to centre growth. it is concluded that accessibility continues to play an important role in urban spatial structure.
6. title: jonathan denis-jacob
authors: cultural industries in small-sized canadian cities: dream or reality?
abstract: this paper looks at the residential location of cultural workers in the smallest canadian cities, with the primary goal of understanding the factors making some more successful than others in attracting them. the study examines employment in 13 cultural industries in 109 small canadian urban areas using data drawn from the 2006 canadian census. six explanatory factors are put forward and entered into a regression model to explain the location of cultural workers in small places: size, location with respect to metropolitan areas, work structure, amenities, elderly populations and public-sector choices. the results suggest that, beyond industry-specific production processes, the location of cultural workers in small cities is also driven by residential and lifestyle preferences.
7. title: neighbourhood disorder and social cohesiveness among immigrants in a new destination: dominicans in reading
authors: pa r. s. oropesa
abstract: dominican immigrants are increasingly turning away from traditional metropolitan gateways to settle in relatively small and medium-sized cities in the northeast us. this study examines their views about neighbourhood social disorder and cohesiveness in reading, pennsylvania. the results indicate that residents are divided about the pervasiveness of disorder-related problems in their neighbourhoods. moreover, views about social disorder have implications for social cohesiveness, but neither of these dimensions of urban life can be understood apart from immigrant incorporation. among those who live in areas without disorder, naturalised citizens are especially likely to feel that they live in a tight-knit neighbourhood and to interact with neighbours. the study concludes with an examination of perceptions of neighbourhood safety.
8. title: developing a framework for assessing the socioeconomic impacts of museums: the regional value of the �flexible museum�
authors: jane bryan, max munday, and richard bevins
abstract: the role of museums as agents of culture, education and even nationhood is widely recognised. however, the potential for museums to contribute to regeneration processes is also important. urban development literature has demonstrated the importance of creative capital in economic development processes. then, evaluating museums in economic terms, covering issues including visitor numbers and resulting tourism consumption, provides only a partial indication of museum �value�. this paper reports research undertaken with amgueddfa cymru�national museum wales to establish the economic impact of museums, but which also developed a conceptual framework to assess other elements of museum contribution. in particular, the paper picks up on research challenges on the need to test critically how far culture can be at the heart of local regeneration. the paper also addresses a challenge from the literature that a wider group of stakeholders might be involved in establishing the �value� of services emanating from museums.
9. title: femininity as a city marketing strategy: gender bending rotterdam
authors: marguerite van den berg
abstract: rotterdam organised the festival �la city� as an entrepreneurial strategy to upgrade the city�s class position, using femininity as a tool. �la city� was an attempt to introduce a new economy in rotterdam: one that is service-based and post-industrial. rotterdam is a former industrial city and is now trying to establish a new economy and a new spatial organisation. in this article, �la city� campaign material, texts on the character of the city and interviews in local newspapers with policy-makers are analysed in the context of the urban renewal and gentrification policies of rotterdam. this research shows how the city uses femininity as a marketing strategy to �cleanse� rotterdam of its working-class mythology as well as construing a hegemonic gender identity capable of excluding lower-class groups. rotterdam, according to its own texts, is after bourgeois, feminine inhabitants that �lounge� in �cocktail bars� to replace the �rough� men who worked in the harbour. �la city� is one of many strategies to establish genderfication: the production of space for not only more affluent users (as gentrification is often defined), but also for specific gender notions. genderfication is also established by practices of �mixing� urban neighbourhoods and building homes for middle-class families.
10. title: lessons from the volunteering legacy of the 2002 commonwealth games
authors: geoff nichols andrita ralston
abstract: potential exists for a more multifaceted and interrelated volunteering legacy from mega sporting events than has been recognised by previous research, including not only the continuation and development of volunteering activity, but also the contribution that activity makes to the social inclusion of volunteers, the economic contribution to the development of events in the region, the development of a skilled volunteer workforce and raising the standard of event volunteer management. this paper provides evidence for that claim via a case study of manchester event volunteers�a volunteer development organisation established after the 2002 commonwealth games, which is still operating seven years later and provides a role model for volunteer broker organisations. the case study shows that local government played a key role in generating a volunteer legacy, but that legacy planning was limited by the imperative of running the event. implications for similar events, such as the 2012 olympics, are discussed.
11. title: sarah botterman, marc hooghe, and tim reeskens
authors: �one size fits all�? an empirical study into the multidimensionality of social cohesion indicators in belgian local communities
abstract: recently, various attempts have been undertaken to develop a comprehensive social cohesion index to monitor the social progress of society. however, classical sociological theories predict that contemporary modern communities function according to a different type of social cohesion than traditional communities. from both a theoretical and a methodological perspective, it can be questioned whether social cohesion can be summarised into one single index. in this article, an extensive dataset of social cohesion indicators is analysed, including indicators of religious involvement, social inclusion, crime and voter turnout, for 308 local communities in the flemish region of belgium. based on first- and second-order factor analyses, it is concluded that it is impossible to construct one single indicator for social cohesion when taking the multidimensionality of the concept into account. while the traditional form prevails in rural areas, it does not coincide with a distinct modern form that prevails in urban areas.
12. title: �-convergence and the cyclical dynamics of uk regional house prices
authors: steve cook
abstract: the potential convergence of regional house prices in the uk is examined. in contrast to the existing literature which focuses upon stochastic convergence, the present paper considers alternative forms of convergence. using a method based upon conditional probabilities of high and low growth rates,
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13. title: a women s berlin: building the modern city
authors: none
abstract: this article reviews the book a women s berlin: building the modern city by despina stratigakos.
14. title: transport for suburbia: beyond the automobile age
authors: none
abstract: this article reviews the book transport for suburbia: beyond the automobile age by paul mees.
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