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volume 44, issue 9, september 2023
1. title: when few give to many and many give to few: corporate social responsibility strategies under india's legal mandate
authors: aline gatignon, christiane bode
abstract: we investigate firms' corporate social responsibility (csr) strategies under india's 2013 legal mandate. we study 12,086 firms and 86,755 projects from 2014 to 2017. using an abductive approach, we examine firms� choices of social causes, geographic locations, implementation channels, and number of projects through four theoretical lenses. firms adopt two main csr strategies: the first and most common has a narrow focus, while the second, pursued by few (typically leading firms and state-owned enterprises), is broader. both strategies appear primarily driven by instrumental stakeholder concerns. while the second leads to stronger differentiation and holds greater potential for social impact, neither strategy leverages firms� comparative efficiency over nonprofit actors. these insights shed light on how firms address grand challenges and can inform csr regulations.
2. title: experimentation and appropriability in early-stage ventures: evidence from the us software industry
authors: andrea contigiani
abstract: this study examines the tension between learning and appropriability that arises as early-stage ventures experiment in the market. when formal intellectual property protection is weak, the learning benefits of experimentation may be offset by the imitation risks. i test this argument on a hand-collected dataset of 1,203 us-based software ventures, using the software release life cycle terminology to measure experimentation and the 2014 us supreme court decision alice corp v cls bank international as a negative shock to patent protection. following this ruling, treated ventures are less likely to engage in experimentation. this pattern is stronger for ventures facing low uncertainty or strong competition. overall, the evidence suggests that ventures perceive the tension between learning and appropriability and adjust their strategy accordingly.
3. title: dual careers and the willingness to consider employment in startup ventures
authors: colleen flaherty manchester, alan benson, j. myles shaver
abstract: to grow, startup ventures often require the skills of professional managers familiar with running larger organizations. however, risk considerations may discourage such candidates from departing high-paying, stable jobs. interpreting the manager's decision within a household holding a �portfolio� of jobs, we hypothesize that having a spouse whose career is prioritized mitigates risk as a barrier to joining a startup. survey data corroborate that both men and women with a career-prioritized spouse are less likely to report risk as a barrier. however, having a career-prioritized spouse only translates to a greater interest in startup employment among men. our findings have implications for understanding the challenges startup ventures face when attracting managerial talent, how dual careers and gender affect managers' careers, and regional entrepreneurial ecosystems.
4. title: judging foreign startups
authors: nataliya langburd wright, rembrand koning, tarun khanna
abstract: can accelerators pick the most promising startup ideas no matter their provenance? using unique data from a global accelerator where judges are randomly assigned to evaluate startups headquartered across the globe, we show that judges are less likely to recommend startups headquartered outside their home region by 4 percentage points. back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest this discount leads judges to pass over 1 in 20 promising startups. despite this systematic discount, we find that�in contrast to many past studies�judges can discern startup quality and are no better at evaluating local firms. these differences emerge because the pool of startups accelerator judges evaluate is both broader and less �local,� suggesting that judging ability depends on the composition of the companies they are tasked with evaluating.
5. title: managing exploration in organizations: the effect of superior monitoring on subordinate search behavior
authors: valentina richter, robert janjic, helge klapper, steffen keck, markus reitzig
abstract: in this article, we explore the effects of managerial monitoring on the behavior of subordinates tasked with the search for alternatives in a complex environment. we argue that managerial monitoring will lead subordinates to exhibit more search than they would engage in otherwise as they try to impress their superiors by exerting more effort. we test and confirm our hypothesis in four laboratory studies with a total of 444 participants. our findings show that search distance and duration are highly susceptible to managerial monitoring, whereas similar interventions from peers and subordinates are ineffective.
6. title: distributed decision-making in the shadow of hierarchy: how hierarchical similarity biases idea evaluation
authors: tim g. schweisfurth, claus p. sch�ttl, christina raasch, michael a. zaggl
abstract: companies are increasingly opening up decision-making, involving employees on all levels in distributed�and purportedly �hierarchy-free��decision processes. we examine how hierarchy reaches into such �democratized� systems, arguing that it is a source of homophily that biases idea evaluation decisions. using a data set from internal crowdfunding at one of the world's largest industrial manufacturers, we show that idea evaluators overvalue hierarchically similar others' ideas. competition in the form of lateral closeness dampens this bias, whereas uncertainty in the form of novelty amplifies this bias. we contribute to the literatures on decision biases in centralized versus distributed innovation and on structural similarity as a driver of employee behaviors.
7. title: adopting dr. robot: responses to competitor adoption of innovation
authors: shirish sundaresan, andrew boysen, atul nerkar
abstract: how do an organization's task requirements affect the ways in which it reacts to competitors' strategic investments? this study uses a novel measure of task requirements (case mix index), to test the competitive and spillover effects of prior adoption on a focal organization's timing of adoption, while accounting for the underlying demand-side drivers of adoption. results of an empirical study of the adoption of robotic surgery systems by u.s. hospitals validate our measure as a predictor of the timing of adoption. further, this measure moderates the effect of adoption by competitors, delaying investment in the technology for those hospitals most likely to adopt robotic surgery based on their patient population, while accelerating adoption for those with the lowest demand for the technology.
8. title: patent remedies and technology licensing: evidence from a supreme court decision
authors: senem aydin ozden, pooyan khashabi
abstract: remedies for infringement are important determinants of the strength of patent protection. however, there has been little emphasis on the role of patent remedies in profiting from innovation via licensing. to address this gap, we examined the impact of patent remedies on technology licensing. our study exploited a us supreme court decision that reduced the probability of issuing injunctions as a remedy to compare us firms' licensing propensity with that of a matched control group of european firms. we found that the decision reduced, on average, us firms' propensity to license. this effect is driven mainly by small firms and especially those in discrete technology industries. this research contributes to the literature on profiting from innovation and presents several implications for firms' licensing strategies.
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