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��ࡱ�>�� u �r�ubjbj�n�n2x��a��a8o ��""��8�\u��plqqqqq��o�o�o�o�o�o�o$�q��tfp9��p��qq4jpqqq��q�q�oq��oqqqq��`qe!l��_q�o`p0�pq�t{f8uqq�0�tu$��l��q��pp��p��8u��"qs: journal of public administration research and theory volume 32, issue 1, january 2022 1. title: do cogovernance and csos supplement municipal capacity for service delivery? an assessment of differences in simple versus complex services authors: ag�ero, renzo de la riva. abstract: municipal governments in the global south vary in their ability to provide not only complex social services, like environmentally proper solid waste disposal, but even simple services, like trash collection from the streets. this article examines whether variation in service provision outcomes is associated with service-specific municipal administrative capacity, locally embedded civil society organization (cso) presence, and collaborative governance for local planning and budgeting (or cogovernance). using a panel dataset of peruvian municipalities, i find that while all three factors are associated with better outcomes for simple services, only greater public administration capacity is associated with higher service outcomes when the service is more complex. this suggests that csos may face some difficulties to supplement the state in the provision of relatively complex services and that local cogovernance venues tend to prioritize more immediate service issues. these findings have policy implications for managing relatively complex services in global south cities that struggle with service-specific administrative capacity and relatively complex service provision, particularly those with climate change consequences. they convey that strengthening this type of capacity at the office level is crucial to providing increasingly complex services, and supporting community-based csos and cogovernance venues may help as a strategy to address simple service delivery. 2. title: keeping kids in care: reducing administrative burden in state child care development fund policy authors: jenkins, jade marcus; nguyen, tutrang. abstract: with limited federal requirements for block grants, states have developed very different welfare policies, often with onerous recertification or reporting requirements, creating barriers to continuous program enrollment. examined through the framework of administrative burden, our study examines how changes to burdensome policies in states' child care development fund (ccdf) programs affect the length of children's continuous enrollment in child care through the ccdf program, known as subsidy "spells." we exploit state-level changes in three key policies during a 10-year period (2004�13) that capture administrative burden: (1) length of eligibility redetermination; (2) reporting requirements for income changes; and (3) grace period for care before termination. using state fixed effects analyses in a sample of 38 states using data from the administration for children and families and multiple other sources, we find that administrative burdens meaningfully and robustly affect continuous enrollment in ccdf; switching to a 12-month redetermination period, as required 2014 child care and development block grant reauthorization, increases children's continuous enrollment in ccdf care (i.e. state median spell length) by 30%. in contrast, requiring all changes in family income to be reported while enrolled in ccdf decreases spell length by 7%. results underscore the importance of reducing administrative burdens related to compliance costs to better support low-income citizens, especially those with young children, and improve child development. 3. title: professional agency narrative�conceptualizing the role of professional knowledge in frontline work authors: cecchini, mathilde; harrits, gitte sommer. abstract: the street-level bureaucracy literature teaches us that frontline workers draw on both policy logics and social, cultural, and personal logics in their work. this has been conceptualized as the state agency narrative and citizen agency narrative, and it is both well documented and well theorized. however, the literature on street-level bureaucracy and frontline work is remarkably silent on how to understand the role of professional knowledge in frontline work. in this article, we seek to fill this gap by theorizing and empirically demonstrating how frontline work is characterized by what we call a professional agency narrative centering on problem solving and the use of knowledge on "what works." we do so through in-depth qualitative analyses of data from two empirical studies on frontline work in schools. the first is an interview study consisting of 42 semi-structured interviews with danish preschool and school teachers on the topic of prevention of social and health risks. the second study is an ethnographic study consisting of more than 500 h of observation, two focus groups with teachers and seven semi-structured interviews with teachers on the topic of health risk prevention in danish schools. based on the analysis of this rich qualitative data, we develop the concept of the professional agency narrative and discuss how this concept can contribute to the broader literatures on street-level work and the management of street-level work. 4. title: do minimum charity care provision requirements increase nonprofit hospital performance? examining hospitals' responses to regulatory changes authors: rothbart, michah w; yoon, nara. abstract: institutional form is believed to influence organizational behavior and performance in producing collective goods such as healthcare services. recent efforts in the united states seek to increase healthcare services provided by hospitals, but it is unclear whether and how these organizations respond to the policy changes. in this study, we examine the extent to which nonprofit hospitals change their provision of charity care in response to a regulatory policy specifying a target benchmark aimed at expanding charitable obligations. specifically, we focus on the minimum charity care provision (mccp) requirements in illinois. importantly, unlike previous research, we differentiate between hospitals facing minimum charity care spending requirements (nonprofits) and those not (for-profit and public). we use panel data from illinois' annual hospital questionnaire and county data from the american community survey, employing a differences-in-differences model. we find no evidence that nonprofit hospitals increase charity care in response to the mccp requirements on average. instead, we find that there is heterogeneity in responses; hospitals providing low levels of charity care prior to the policy increase charity care, while hospitals providing high levels of charity care prior to the policy do not respond or, if anything, decrease charity care. thus, while regulations that set low-target benchmarks provide insufficient incentives for nonprofit hospitals to increase charity care on average, explicit policy mandates that reduce directive goal ambiguity may still narrow gaps in performance. 5. title: discrimination of minority welfare claimants in the real world: the effect of implicit prejudice authors: assouline, michaela; gilad, sharon; bloom, pazit ben-nun. abstract: exploiting rare access to doctors' real-world judgments of incapacity benefits applications to an israeli governmental program (2015�17), we examine the prevalence and underlying mechanisms of discrimination against muslims versus jews. to mitigate confounding explanations for unequal treatment, we restrict the analysis to claimants whose applications passed a strict medical-disability threshold so that their medical condition was undisputed. theoretically, we offer a comprehensive theoretical framework for possible micro-mechanisms underlying bureaucratic discrimination of minorities, the decision-environment conditions that instigate them, and observational implications for their decoding. findings indicate that despite organizational commitment to equality jewish doctors were more likely to reject applications by muslims and to recommend partial compensation for jews. we find no differences with regard to full compensation. further, we empirically illustrate how our proposed theoretical framework can be employed to analyze which micro-mechanism is most likely to underlie discrimination and to empirically decipher among alternative explanations, demonstrating that bureaucratic discrimination, in this case, is best explained by implicit prejudice triggered under conditions of complexity and ambiguity that undermined doctors' systematic processing of information. 6. title: government grants, donors, and nonprofit performance authors: coupet, jason; schehl, madeline. abstract: nonprofits engaged in public service provision can receive funding from both donors and governments. much of the nonprofit performance theory suggests that donors are unlikely to base donation decisions on nonprofit production. however, governments may prioritize performance in nonprofit funding decisions. we combine study internal production reports for the years 2010�2016 from 535 habitat for humanity affiliates with financial data from irs form 990 reports and housing price data from the fha. we then use a dynamic panel design to compare the effects of performance on donor and government funding. production does not increase donations, but a 1% increase in production increases government grant revenue by 0.28%. our findings indicate that nonprofit performance theory should move beyond the donor-nonprofit dyad and explicitly explore the role of government principals. our findings also suggest that while requirements that accompany government funding might be cumbersome for nonprofits, government entities might use the data in future grant decisions. 7. title: accountability and affective styles in administrative reporting: the case of unrwa, 1951�2020 authors: patz, ronny; thorvaldsdottir, svanhildur; goetz, klaus h. abstract: this contribution theorizes on the emergence of affective styles in the accountability reporting of public agencies. under conditions of multiple accountability towards heterogeneous stakeholders, public agencies are expected to make increased use of sentiment in their reporting. agencies' differentiated modulation of positive and negative sentiment results in four ideal-typical affective styles: technocratic, political, alarming, and self-praising. the plausibility of this framework is demonstrated for the case of a major international public agency, the united nations relief and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east (unrwa), which serves several million palestine refugees. we conduct a dictionary-based sentiment analysis of unrwa annual reports published between 1951 and 2020, a corpus of 1.47 million words. additional evidence from interviews with unrwa officials and diplomats is also considered. over time, the agency's use of sentiment has increased in response to diversifying stakeholders and its affective style of reporting has changed repeatedly. contrary to established theoretical expectations, multiple accountability not only increases positive reporting and self-praise. rather, with increasing levels of negativity, the alarming and political styles of communication have played a much stronger role. these findings demonstrate that agencies' chief goal in accountability reporting is not simply to elicit positive assessments from their respective accountability forums through self-praising language. agencies may also aim to achieve "negativity congruence" with accountability forums by increasing negative sentiment, thus compelling stakeholders to acknowledge the operational challenges agencies face. 8. title: service providers' influence in collaborative governance networks: effectiveness in reducing chronic homelessness authors: mosley, jennifer e; (ethan), sunggeun park. abstract: in fragmented policy areas, collaboration between government entities and nonprofit providers is thought to promote knowledge sharing and reinforce mutual accountability, hopefully improving performance. the popularity of this trend is matched only by the difficulties in actually meeting these multiplex goals. this is partly because there are both process (e.g. engagement and mutual learning) and outcome (e.g. effectiveness) goals that can work at cross-purposes. in this article, we use longitudinal data from a specific collaborative governance model�housing and urban development (hud) homeless continuums of care (cocs)�to investigate the relationship between meaningful inclusion of nonprofit service providers in the network and a valued outcome: reducing regional chronic homelessness. specifically, we use structural equation modeling to assess the degree to which provider influence and local government support play mediating roles between network governance structure, growth in federal resource munificence, and reductions in chronic homeless. combining hud administrative data and data from a national survey of the population of cocs (n = 313, 75% response rate), we find that while both (1) provider influence in decision-making and (2) federal funding growth are directly associated with reductions in chronic homelessness, provider influence also serves as an important mediator in the relationships between network governance structure, federal funding growth, and reductions in chronic homelessness. qualitative case examples are then used to demonstrate how these trends are experienced in practice. overall, we argue that collaborative governance can best improve client outcomes when it is truly collaborative and providers are given meaningful ways to engage with and influence the process. 9. title: hybrid governance and the attribution of political responsibility: experimental evidence from the united states authors: woodhouse, eleanor florence; belardinelli, paolo; bertelli, anthony michael. abstract: how does the mode of public service delivery affect the attribution of responsibility for public goods? through a survey experiment on a sample of more than 1,000 americans, we provide evidence of how the allocation of public goods shapes voters' support for incumbent politicians. we find that voters prefer a mixture of public�private financing and management when it comes to the delivery of infrastructure. however, once performance information is available, the mode of infrastructure delivery no longer influences their voting intention. the successful delivery of these infrastructure projects is what ultimately matters to voters. moreover, this preference for a mixture of public and private involvement in public service delivery is stronger among citizens with high political knowledge, who are more likely to punish the incumbent for a failed first phase of the public service delivery. these findings deepen our understanding of how hybrid forms of public service delivery are perceived by voters and how performance information affects evaluations of the performance of public services and politicians alike. 10. title: how us private foundations change payouts based on financial shocks: revealed publicness or revealed privateness? authors: calabrese, thad d; ely, todd l. abstract: this article asks what distribution behavior of private foundations in the united states reveals about their motivations and strategy. do private foundations intentionally distribute additional money to grantees to help them manage through business cycles and maintain services during economic downturns? such behavior would be consistent with revealed publicness with respect to distributions. do they retrench during difficult economic times to protect their endowments? or do they simply distribute money independent from the larger economy? the current study considers these conflicting expectations, and empirically tests whether private foundation distributions vary with endowment returns and the larger economy as suggested by competing theories. using administrative data filed with the internal revenue service, fixed effects regression models indicate that private foundations change distributions in a manner consistent with retrenchment or independently from the larger economy, depending on the sample used. the results do not support the notion that private foundations act with prosocial-countercyclical motivations about distributions�in which more money is distributed during economic downturns�despite their receiving significant public subsidies. 11. title: "it's not over when it's over" post-decision arrangements and empirical legitimacy authors: licht, jenny de fine; agerberg, mattias; esaiasson, peter. abstract: a chronic problem for democratic governments is generating legitimacy for policy decisions that go against substantial groups of citizens' legitimate interests. the primary means of achieving this aim involve the arrangements through which policy decisions are made. whereas research in the field has tended to focus on the arrangements leading up to a decision, this paper draws attention to developments after a formal policy decision has been made. we theorize that the formal decision constitutes a focal event that motivates affected individuals to update their beliefs about the decision. we identify four types of potential legitimacy-enhancing post-decision arrangements: how the decision is announced; how it is publicly explained; whether the process allows for post-decision voice; and whether decision-makers take actions to mitigate its negative consequences. the results from two survey experiments with large samples of swedish adults addressing the case of school closures suggest that post-decision procedures have legitimacy-enhancing potential and that this effect is not dependent on the pre-decision process. 12. title: finding your crowd: the role of government level and charity type in revenue crowd-out authors: grasse, nathan j; searing, elizabeth a m; neely, daniel g. abstract: the literature on the relationship between government funding and private donations finds evidence of both crowd-out (a reduction in private donations due to the receipt of government funding) and crowd-in (increased donations rather than a reduction). this study uses organizational-level data and information regarding funding from multiple levels of government in canada to provide an important contribution to the literature, which has traditionally relied upon aggregated measures of government funding. results from dynamic panel estimations suggest that effects vary by type of charity and level of government funding source, with some subsectors displaying crowd-in, some crowd-out, and some both phenomenon depending on the level of government providing funding. these findings encourage more research into the context and variation involved in crowd-out, raising practical and theoretical questions about whether a uniform effect across subsectors or level of government funding should be expected. 13. title: self-sacrifice for the common good under risk and competition: an experimental examination of the impact of public service motivation in a volunteer's dilemma game authors: heine, florian; witteloostuijn, arjen van; wang, tse-min. abstract: public service-motivated individuals have a greater concern for the delivery of public services and for the societal consequence of collective inaction, seeing themselves play a pivotal role in upholding public goods. such self-efficacy and perceived importance of public service jointly motivate individuals to commit to sacrificing for the common good. using an incentivized laboratory experiment with 126 undergraduate and graduate students at a university in the netherlands, we explore the association between self-reported public service motivation (psm) and voluntary self-sacrifice under different task characteristics and social contexts in a volunteer's dilemma game. we find that risk-taking and intergroup competition negatively moderate the positive effect of psm on volunteering. the risky situation may reduce an individual's self-efficacy in making-45<=>fgipsuvwyb��ͻ��}nzre7h�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(hq5�cjojqj^jajh 2e5�cjojqj^jaj h��5�cjojqj^jajo(h��5�cjojqj^jaj h��5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajh��5�cjojqj^jajhq5�cjojqj^jaj#h��h��5�cjojqj^jaj5vwx� ��t��k��##$#�#�#f)��gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gd��gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4b�� st\]��֟��yl�^l�n^l�n^@hih�l$ojqj^jo(hvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h��h��ojqj^jhihj�ojqj^jo(h��hu<�5�ojqj^jh��ht45�ojqj^jo(hicy5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo(h��h��5�ojqj^j�� jktu 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