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��ࡱ�>�� jl����i��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �r��;bjbj�v�v2n�<�<�3 �������66������������8�4�{l44444h*�� �k�k�k�k�k�k�k$�m�qp: l��hh�� l��4445llll�f�4�4�kl��klll4�����/�u1��rl�kkl0{ll�pj:�plln/�p��il��l����� l l�����{l�������������������������������������������������������������������������p���������6 h: the leadership quarterly volume 22, issue 3, jun. 2011 1. title:  hyperlink "http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/viewarticle?data=dgjymppp44rp2/dv0+njisfk5ie46bnmrqq0ubok63nn5kx95uxxjl6sruqwpbbir6eetlirtvkur55zy5zyit/k8xnh6ueh7n/ivbour1gur7njtpzqeezdu33snoj6u9jzgktq33+7t8w+3+s7tq+os061p7c+5oxwhd/qu37z4uqm4+7y&hid=21" \o "introduction to the special issue: longitudinal studies of leadership development." introduction to the special issue: longitudinal studies of leadership development. authors: riggio, ronald e.; mumford, michael d. abstract: this introduction provides an overview of the leadership quarterly special issue on longitudinal studies of leadership development. the purposes of the special issue were to highlight research on the precursors of adult leadership, and to emphasize the importance of longitudinal designs and long-lens approaches to the study of leadership. in addition to shedding light on variables that impact the development of leadership, many of the studies in this special issue make use of important longitudinal databases that can be tapped for future research on leadership development across the lifespan. 2. title: the benefits of a long-lens approach to leader development: understanding the seeds of leadership. authors: murphy, susan elaine; johnson, stefanie k. abstract: although research has identified techniques for leader development, most of the extant research has focused on development in adulthood, ignoring development at an early age. a recent resurgence in interest in the genetic or other early development factors, such as attachment, points to the benefits of understanding the developmental trajectories (day, harrison, & halpin, 2009) of individuals throughout adulthood. this paper argues for an examination of the earliest �seeds� of leader development. in this paper we present a framework that explores the tasks of leadership at various ages before adulthood, the skills required to accomplish these tasks, and the mechanism by which younger leaders develop these skills. in understanding what skills and what features of leadership identity have long roots, we can begin to understand more fully the developmental needs of adults. without a more comprehensive look at leadership over the lifespan, leader development practices will not meet their full potential. 3. title: a longitudinal analysis of relationships between adolescent personality and intelligence with adult leader emergence and transformational leadership. authors: reichard, rebecca j.; riggio, ronald e.; guerin, diana wright; oliver, pamella h.; gottfried, allen w.; gottfried, adele eskeles. abstract: the long-standing question of the role of traits, particularly personality and intelligence, in predicting leadership qualities was addressed using a longitudinal design in the current study. based on data from participants in the fullerton longitudinal study, we examined the relationship between adolescent personality and intelligence collected at age 17 and multiple measures of self-reported adult leader emergence and transformational leadership at age 29. results indicated a significant relationship between adolescent extraversion and adult workplace leader emergence and transformational leadership above and beyond adolescent intelligence, across a 12-year span. implications for youth leader development are discussed. 4. title: childhood and adolescent antecedents of social skills and leadership potential in adulthood: temperamental approach/withdrawal and extraversion. authors: guerin, diana wright; oliver, pamella h.; gottfried, allen w.; gottfried, adele eskeles; reichard, rebecca j.; riggio, ronald e.. abstract: this is the first study examining the developmental roots of leadership potential in a longitudinal framework from age 2 to 29years. data are derived from the fullerton longitudinal study. using structural equation modeling (n =106), the direct and indirect effects of adolescent personality (extraversion) and intelligence (iq) on adult social skills and leadership potential were investigated. in addition, we examined their joint effect on leadership potential using both a variable and a pattern approach. the relation between adolescent extraversion and adult leadership potential was completely mediated by adult social skills. adolescent iq had neither a direct nor an indirect relationship with adult leadership potential, nor did it interact with extraversion in predicting adult leadership potential. utilizing longitudinal data from early childhood through adulthood, we delineated a specific developmental pathway to adult leadership potential spanning the first three decades of life. a pathway beginning in early childhood with temperamental approach/withdrawal shows stability throughout childhood and leads to extraversion in adolescence, which in turn relates to leadership potential in adulthood via adult social skills. 5. title: leader development and the dark side of personality. authors: harms, p.d.; spain, seth m.; hannah, sean t. abstract: the present study investigates the role of subclinical personality traits as determinants of leader development over time. in previous literature, subclinical traits have been identified as potential causes of leader derailment. however, leader development researchers have argued that developmental interventions based on increasing self-awareness may be effective at mitigating the negative effects of these character flaws. using a multi-wave, multi-method longitudinal study of military school cadets we evaluate the impact of subclinical traits on externally-rated measures of leader development over a three year period. results demonstrated that adding subclinical traits to models of development significantly increased model fit and that the relationship between �dark side� personality traits and performance and training is more complicated than originally thought. moreover, subclinical traits were associated with different developmental trajectories over time. implications for leadership development research and practice are discussed. 6. title: motivational roots of leadership: a longitudinal study from childhood through adulthood. authors: gottfried, adele eskeles; gottfried, allen w.; reichard, rebecca j.; guerin, diana wright; oliver, pamella h.; riggio, ronald e.. abstract: the present study elucidates developmental roots of leadership motivation by investigating how motivation from childhood through adolescence is linked to motivation to lead in adulthood. academic intrinsic motivation, the pleasure inherent in an activity for its own sake with regard to school learning, provided the construct that was assessed from childhood through adolescence, and motivation to lead comprising three aspects (affective identity, noncalculative, and social normative) was assessed during adulthood. the fullerton longitudinal study (fls) provided the data. using structural equation modeling, results showed considerable and significant continuity between academic intrinsic motivation and, as predicted, affective identity and noncalculative motivation to lead, indicating that adults with a greater enjoyment of leadership per se, and who are motivated to lead without regard to external consequences, were significantly more intrinsically motivated from childhood through adolescence. on the other hand, also as predicted, academic intrinsic motivation was not significantly related to the social normative aspect of motivation to lead, indicating that those who are motivated to lead out of a sense of social duty were not more intrinsically motivated during their childhood years. further, iq played no direct role in motivation to lead. implications for developing motivation in leaders are advanced. 7. title: the influence of general mental ability, self-esteem and family socioeconomic status on leadership role occupancy and leader advancement: the moderating role of gender. authors: li, wen-dong; arvey, richard d.; song, zhaoli. abstract: we examined the influence of general mental ability, self-esteem and family socioeconomic status on leadership role occupancy and leader advancement (defined as the increase in supervisory scope via the number of employees supervised), as well as the moderating role of gender in these relationships. using a nationally representative sample from the u.s. with 1747 working individuals across a time span of 10years, we found that 1) self-esteem had a significant and positive influence on leadership role occupancy for both males and females and on leadership advancement in terms of supervisory scope over time for females; and 2) family socioeconomic status exerted an adverse effect on female leadership advancement. the influence of general mental ability on the two leadership variables was not significant for either males or females, but the difference in its effect on the initial status of supervisory scope for males and females was significant. these results suggest that self-esteem plays an important role in leadership role occupancy and leader advancement and that the influence of family socioeconomic status on leader advancement is contingent on gender. 8. title: adolescent family environmental antecedents to transformational leadership potential: a longitudinal mediational analysis. authors: oliver, pamella h.; gottfried, allen w.; guerin, diana w.; gottfried, adele eskeles; reichard, rebecca j.; riggio, ronald e. abstract: this long-term longitudinal study examined the relation between aspects of adolescents'' family context representing a supportive and intellectually stimulating environment and subsequent qualities of transformational leadership in every day leaders in early adulthood. in addition, we examined one pathway through which this link occurs. specifically, we sought to determine whether the relation between positive family functioning and transformational leadership was mediated through adolescent self-concept. repeated measures from participants, ages 12 through 29years (n =106), in the fullerton longitudinal study were analyzed using multilevel structural equation models (msem). the results indicated a significant relation between family functioning and transformational leadership mediated by self-concept, controlling for socioeconomic status. when parents provided a stimulating and supportive environment, adolescents reported a more positive general self-concept, which subsequently related to transformational leadership qualities in adulthood. these findings represent the first prospective data that support the relation of family environment in childhood to transformational leadership in adulthood. 9. title: longitudinal tests of an integrative model of leader development: charting and understanding developmental trajectories. authors: day, david v.; sin, hock-peng. abstract: the developmental trajectories of participants (n =1315) engaged in team-based action learning projects (k =205) to promote leader development were estimated using two classes of growth modeling techniques. evidence was found in support of differences in the initial leadership effectiveness levels across participants as well as differences in the shape or form of their personal trajectories. based on recent theorizing on leader development (), it was predicted that adopting a leader identity would serve as a within-person, time-varying covariate of leadership effectiveness and that goal orientation would serve as a between-person, cross-level moderator of the personal change trajectories. results suggested full support for the role of leader identity and partial support for goal orientation. the results of growth mixture modeling analyses revealed two distinct latent classes of developmental trajectories that could be distinguished empirically by one type of adult development processes (i.e., selection). results are discussed in terms of advancing leader development science and practice, especially with regard to the insights gained from charting and understanding leaders'' developmental trajectories. 10. title: integrative perspectives on longitudinal investigations of leader development: from childhood through adulthood. authors: day, david v.. abstract: the theory and research reported in the special issue are examined with the goal of providing integrative perspectives on various approaches used to understand the leader development process across the lifespan. historical and contemporary perspectives on longitudinal research are explored, with a distinction made between true longitudinal research (includes three or more waves of data, tracks an outcome over time, adopts a sensible time metric) with quasi-longitudinal research that includes only two waves of data or does not track change. research studies in the special issue were grouped into either fullerton longitudinal study or developmental trajectory approaches. the relative merits of each class of studies were examined and it was concluded that they provide complementary perspectives on leader development. the article concludes with a look to future research directions as well as a review of how the special issue studies have advanced an emerging science of leader development.      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