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volume 51, issue 4, august 2022
1. title: further evidence on competition in nonprofit donor markets
authors: teresa harrison, jeremy thornton
abstract: this article introduces a novel empirical approach to the nonprofit literature that can measure competition between nonprofit organizations. our approach provides a framework to determine how the number of organizations may be incorporated into empirical competitive analysis. we then systematically estimate the average population needed to support a given number of nonprofits in a market. we find that, for the 10 nonprofit industries examined, markets reach competitive levels once four or more nonprofits have entered. the results suggest that a relatively small number of nonprofits are needed to ensure robust competition. our findings demonstrate that donor market competition is both predictive in nonprofit entry decisions and remarkably similar to competitive behavior among for-profit firms. we discuss several implications of these findings, in terms of both policy and future empirical research.
2. title: predicting community adoption of collective impact in the united states: a national scan
authors: anne-marie boyer, katherine r. cooper, shaun m. dougherty, rong wang,
michelle shumate
abstract: collaborative governance research examines the role of individuals, organizations, and partnerships within a community to understand why particular interorganizational networks emerge. we take a different tact, arguing that communities adopt collaborative governance models based upon exposure to the models and the individual and organizational resources in a community. we conducted a web-based national-level scan of communities in the united states (n = 1,162) for the presence of one model of collaborative governance, education-focused collective impact. we found that spatial proximity, poverty rate, and individual resources each predicted the existence of collective impact in a u.s. county. implications for collaborative governance research are drawn from the results.
3. title: perception of internal controls helps explain whistleblowing
authors: andrea m. scheetz, tonya d. w. smalls, joseph wall, aaron b. wilson
abstract: the nonprofit sector may suffer financially from inconsistency in regulations and polices surrounding internal control implementation. to address this issue, our study explores how perceived internal control strength differs between nonprofit and for-profit organizations. furthermore, we examine three components of the committee of sponsoring organization framework to determine which components might significantly influence whistleblowing for nonprofit organizations. as expected, all three components appear to significantly influence whistleblowing for those in for-profit organizations. for those in nonprofit organizations, the perception of control activities and monitoring activities significantly mediates the relationship between organization type and whistleblowing intentions. finally, the data indicate that the use of an anonymous website for whistleblowing at a nonprofit organization may require added attention and resources if employees at nonprofits are to use this outlet to the same extent as it is used at a for-profit organization.
4. title: how collective action problems suppress participation in nonprofit trade associations
authors: clifford w. frasier
abstract: in seeking to understand how nonprofits participate in policymaking at the state level, scholars of the third sector tend to overlook or assume a barrier to this activity: collective action problems. i show that such problems suppress charter school participation in their trade associations. an analysis of original survey data and informant interviews combined with internal revenue service data for the complete set of charter membership associations in the united states demonstrates that schools� participation in these collectives follows a classic pattern of collective action problems: in states where the number of potential members is high, participation rates are lower. across states, the size of the population of schools eligible for membership better explains variation in participation than other factors typically deemed important by scholars, such as organizational resources and policy environments. the finding supports the argument that large numbers inhibit participation in associations that pursue collective goods for their industry.
5. title: benefit-based revenue streams and financial health: the case of arts and cultural nonprofits
authors: qiaozhen liu, mirae kim
abstract: a large number of empirical studies have discussed the revenue diversification strategy for nonprofits, but little attention has been paid to the components of revenue portfolios, even though each revenue source flows into a nonprofit with its own characteristics. drawing on young�s benefits theory, this study tests the proposition that a nonprofit would be stronger financially if its income portfolio reflected the mix of benefits it provides. we find evidence that the benefit-based revenue strategy is associated with better financial outcomes using the data set from dataarts (2008�2016). yet, this relationship is not linear, and the positive relationship is seen only when the share of benefit-based revenues is above a certain threshold. a detailed examination reveals that the benefit-based revenue strategy should be employed judiciously, depending on each organization�s own capacity. we discuss the ways nonprofits can employ benefit-based financing while diversifying revenue streams.
6. title: designing social media fundraising messages: an experimental approach to understanding how message concreteness and framing influence donation intentions
authors: anli xiao, yan huang, denise s. bortree, richard d. waters
abstract: this experiment examined the effects of fundraising message characteristics on donation intentions through a simulated social media campaign. a 2 (abstract vs. concrete message) � 2 (gain vs. loss framing) between-subjects experiment (n = 213) revealed that a message with detailed fundraising outcomes elicited a greater intention to donate through heightened perceived message credibility, perceived transparency, cognitive elaboration, and empathy. gain and loss framing, however, did not result in significant differences in donation intentions. theoretically, this study uncovered the psychological mechanisms through which message concreteness increases donation intentions. practically, results of this study provided implications for drafting effective fundraising messages that can be disseminated on social media.
7. title: critical applications of heterogeneity theories to power in nonprofit human services organizations
authors: shawn teresa flanigan
abstract: the field of nonprofit studies often assumes that efforts of actors in the nonprofit landscape are beneficial, especially when considering nonprofit human service organizations. however, there are both theoretical and empirical reasons for scholars to adopt a more critical lens when examining these organizations. taking nonprofit human services organizations as a common setting, the article uses a critical lens to apply classic, �mainstream� theories of the role of heterogeneity in nonprofit sector formation and illuminate risks often neglected in nonprofit human services research. in this way, the article demonstrates that classic social science theories of heterogeneity already offer us the tools we need to critically question dominant assumptions about nonprofit human services provision and challenges the reader to consider why we so rarely use these well-known theoretical frameworks in a critical manner. the article concludes by inviting scholars to utilize additional critical theoretical perspectives in future studies of nonprofit human services.
8. title: portrayals of volunteering on u.s. television: a textual analysis
authors: kimberly wiley, marissa evans
abstract: volunteer managers identify challenging tasks, such as volunteer buy-in, retention, and role matching. successful management of these tasks is influenced by how volunteers anticipate and perceive their volunteer experience. volunteers receive and interpret messages about the drivers, rules, and expectations of giving one�s time and expertise from what they observe in the media. television portrays how society perceives volunteering and compulsory community service. we used textual analysis to interpret portrayals of volunteering in 104 storylines on u.s. television. television characters portrayed as volunteers were primarily motivated by civic duty, committed on a short-term basis, and had a positive experience. the volunteer manager was often absent. the intended beneficiary need not be present because the volunteer was the ultimate beneficiary. the storylines on tv excluded important components of the volunteer experience, meaning volunteer managers may need to take steps to mitigate problems associated with unrealized expectations of the tv binge-watching volunteers.
9. title: a review of sexual harassment prevention practices: toward a nonprofit research agenda
authors: erynn e. beaton, megan lepere-schloop, rebecca smith
abstract: sexual harassment has garnered renewed attention with a wave of allegations against high profile men, including nonprofit executives. given its legal, organizational, and ethical implications for nonprofit organizations and the sector, it is imperative that nonprofits take steps to prevent sexual harassment. because there is limited research on sexual harassment in the nonprofit literature, we know little about what nonprofits are doing, or what they should be doing. this research note uses qualitative analysis to explore the anti-harassment practices recommended to nonprofit practitioners and compares these practices to academic research to develop a nonprofit scholarly research agenda. we identify a series of important questions nonprofit scholars could pursue to improve our knowledge of the issue and contribute to both research and practice.
10. title: why is human milk donation absent from the literature on philanthropic giving? the invisible female donor and her invisible gift
authors: ayelet oreg, susan appe
abstract: in this research note, we call attention to human milk donation being essentially omitted from the philanthropy literature and bodily gifting research. we focus here on human milk donations for infant feeding through nonprofit milk banks. we argue that its omission is due to two main factors: (a) the incoherence of defining human milk donation and the challenges to its regulation and (b) its consideration as care work and the characteristics of the milk donor identity. we end with avenues for future research in this area.
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11. title: the business of changing the world: how billionaires, tech disrupters, and social entrepreneurs are transforming the global aid industry by kumar, r. and the enlightened capitalists: cautionary tales of business pioneers who tried to do well by doing good by o�toole, j
authors: steph haydon
abstract: the article reviews these books �the business of changing the world: how billionaires, tech disrupters, and social entrepreneurs are transforming the global aid industry� by raj kumar and �the enlightened capitalists: cautionary tales of business pioneers who tried to do well by doing good� by james o'toole()02:;=cfhijlu�����ʻʻʩ��wobtf9thj�5�ojqj^jo(h&prh&pr5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�)�5�cjojqj^jajh
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