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��ࡱ�>�� {}����z��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������u �r�cebjbj�n�n2j��a��au= �������""������������8�tm��ql��������cqeqeqeqeqeqeq$ts� vfiq9������iq����4�qeee�v����cqe�cqeee�����#��8�����34e/q�q0�qepvgrpvee�/pv��m4��e�����iqiq������q������������������������������������������������������������������������pv���������"q s: urban studies volume 59, issue 2, february 2022 1. title: doing comparative urbanism differently: conjunctural cities and the stress-testing of urban theory authors: �zg�r say1n, michael hoyler, john harrison abstract: ongoing splintering and siloification in urban studies require alternative approaches to bring the major theoretical and epistemological perspectives into constructive dialogue. reflecting growing calls for engaged pluralism, we analyse the extent to which different perspectives can come together as complementary alternatives in understanding cities and present a framework for overcoming the key theoretical and methodological challenges caused by fragmentation. using istanbul as our illustrative case, we do this in three steps. theoretically, we stress-test the potentials and limits of four dominant perspectives in urban theory making � global cities, state rescaling, developmental and postcolonial � revealing how each can only ever generate a partial, one-dimensional, explanation. methodologically, we proceed to make the case for doing comparative urbanism differently by developing a conjunctural approach. finally, and conceptually, we identify �conjunctural cities� as a distinctive type of city and as a new approach to analysing cities. our contention is that approaching all cities conjuncturally provides a significant step towards putting engaged pluralism into action, as well as indicating new terrain on which the future of urban theory/urban studies can be constructively debated. 2. title: incubators, accelerators and urban economic development authors: margarida madaleno, max nathan, henry overman, sevrin waights abstract: we combine theory and evidence on incubator and accelerator programmes and their effects on urban economic development. these structured co-working programmes have grown rapidly. however, a rich descriptive literature reveals little about their impact on participants or surrounding urban areas. we situate programmes in a conceptual framework of co-location tools, theorise objectives and benefits and report findings from systematic, oecd-wide reviews of the evaluation literature. these evaluations provide evidence that accelerators and incubators raise participant employment, with accelerators also aiding access to finance. ecosystem features such as university involvement and urban economic conditions also influence programme outcomes. however, evaluation evidence is less clear on detailed intervention design. we consider wider lessons and lay out an agenda for future research. 3. title: does better job accessibility help people gain employment? the role of public transport in great britain authors: jeroen bastiaanssen, daniel johnson, karen lucas abstract: the combined decentralisation of many firms and services and the increasing concentration of traditional public transport services in the main corridors of urban centres have made it more difficult for people to access jobs, in particular when residing outside these prime accessibility areas. this is the first national study within the context of great britain to examine whether better public transport job accessibility, modelled at the micro level of individuals, improves employment probabilities for people living in great britain. while previous studies have typically concentrated on us metropolitan areas, our study uses british national employment micro datasets to assess which urban and rural areas and population groups would benefit from better public transport services. in an important departure from most standard accessibility methodologies, we computed a public transport job accessibility measure applied nationwide and combined this with individual-level employment probability models for great britain. the models were corrected for endogeneity by applying an instrumental variable approach. the study finds that better public transport job accessibility improves individual employment probabilities, in particular in metropolitan areas and smaller cities and towns with lower car ownership rates and in low-income neighbourhoods. it further shows that mainly lower educated groups and young people would benefit from better public transport job accessibility. the findings in this study are important for policymakers in that they imply that, in particular, job seekers who rely on public transport services may benefit from more targeted public policies to improve their accessibility to employment and thereby their social mobility. 4. title: neighbourhood accessibility and walkability of subsidised housing in shrinking us cities authors: li yin, kelly patterson, robert silverman, laiyun wu, hao zhang abstract: this article advances the discussion of subsidised housing and accessible and walkable neighbourhoods by focusing on the characteristics of cities experiencing population decline. we examine the neighbourhood context of subsidised housing with respect to walkability and accessibility in shrinking cities using walk score and a walkability index that considers the unique neighbourhood dynamics in these cities and access to anchor institutions and transit. our results confirm recent studies that the majority of hud units are in less walkable neighbourhoods and with low access to anchor institutions. our results support the inclusion of more refined walkability and accessibility measures in affordable housing siting criteria. these measures would encourage the development of revitalisation strategies with enhanced walkability, services and transit. 5. title: imagining the smart city through smart grids? urban energy futures between technological experimentation and the imagined low-carbon city authors: leslie quitzow, friederike rohde abstract: current imaginaries of urban smart grid technologies are painting attractive pictures of the kinds of energy futures that are desirable and attainable in cities. making claims about the future city, the socio-technical imaginaries related to smart grid developments unfold the power to guide urban energy policymaking and implementation practices. this paper analyses how urban smart grid futures are being imagined and co-produced in the city of berlin, germany. it explores these imaginaries to show how the politics of berlin�s urban energy transition are being driven by techno-optimistic visions of the city�s digital modernisation and its ambitions to become a �smart city�. the analysis is based on a discourse analysis of relevant urban policy and other documents, as well as interviews with key stakeholders from berlin�s energy, ict and urban development sectors, including key experts from three urban laboratories for smart grid development and implementation in the city. it identifies three dominant imaginaries that depict urban smart grid technologies as (a) environmental solution, (b) economic imperative and (c) exciting experimental challenge. the paper concludes that dominant imaginaries of smart grid technologies in the city are grounded in a techno-optimistic approach to urban development that are foreclosing more subtle alternatives or perhaps more radical change towards low-carbon energy systems. 6. title: do the characteristics of new green space contribute to gentrification? authors: seung kyum kim, longfeng wu abstract: a number of recent studies have examined the socioeconomic functions and side effects of environmental amenity in urban development. in this study, an urban green space is viewed as both a positive and negative environmental externality because it could be a potential contributor to gentrification. employing the difference-in-differences method at the public use microdata areas and census-tract level, this study examines the effects of new green space characteristics on multiple gentrification indicators in new york city. unlike previous studies, we examine the causal inference of multiple green space types and characteristics on gentrification indicators jointly, estimating a relatively short- and mid-term gentrification effect in a homogeneous institutional and geographical setting. the empirical results indicate that newly added green spaces potentially foster gentrification, influencing the replacement of the poor with wealthier inhabitants; more importantly, the gentrification effects differ depending on the type and characteristics of green spaces. a strong green gentrification effect has been observed in passive, natural and medium-sized green spaces. taking these short-term and local-level gentrification effects of green space characteristics into consideration allows for more inclusive development and equitable outcomes. 7. title: a broom to the head: �cleaning day� and the aesthetics of emergence in dakar authors: branwyn poleykett abstract: senegal has a long tradition of the collective management of public space via community cleaning. since the explosion of the popular ecology movement set setal (meaning clean and be clean in wolof) in the early 1990s, �set� or hygienic aesthetics have been central to the construction and control of urban space and deployed to include and enfold but also expel citizens. in january 2020 the senegalese president macky sall called on the population to join him in �cleaning days�, bypassing �set� practices. cleaning day was met with a response ranging from indifference to anger and open conflict. in this article i use cleaning day as a lens to analyse the production and reception of set aesthetics in a time of �emergence�. focusing on the power of subaltern practice to resist the encroachment of a state in search of meaningful symbols, i challenge the idea that contemporary urban aesthetics is geared towards the creation of a perceived continuity of interests organised around an aspiration to a global urban standard. 8. title: �we need to put what we do in my dad�s language, in pounds, shillings and pence�: commercialisation and the reshaping of public-sector planning in england authors: jason slade, malcolm tait, andy inch abstract: this article furthers understanding of how commercial imperatives are reshaping dominant conceptions of planning practice in england, and by extension the production of the built environment more widely. we make an original contribution by tracing the emergence of the logic of commercialisation in england, demonstrating how the impacts of austerity and �market-led viability planning� have entrenched the �delivery state�, a powerful disciplinary matrix representing late-neoliberal governance. through in-depth, ethnographic study of a local planning authority, we argue that commercialisation within the delivery state creates a distinct �economy of attention�, reshaping planners� agency and professional identities, and the substance and scope of their work. the conclusion draws out wider implications of commercialisation for planning in and beyond the delivery state. 9. title: policing gentrification or policing displacement? testing the relationship between order maintenance policing and neighbourhood change in los angeles authors: charles r. collins, forrest stuart, patrick janulis abstract: urban scholars increasingly contend that local police departments play a central role in facilitating neighbourhood change. recent critics warn that �order maintenance� policing and other low-level law enforcement tactics are deployed in gentrifying areas to displace �disorderly� populations. despite influential qualitative case studies, there remains scant quantitative research testing this relationship, and few studies that evaluate the link between policing, displacement and gentrification. we address this lacuna, drawing on new citation data from the los angeles police department (lapd) and employing a measure of neighbourhood change that focuses on the displacement of low-income residents. examining policing patterns in 978 us census tracts in los angeles over four years, our analysis reveals that tracts experiencing gentrification � defined as the simultaneous increase in non-poor residents and decrease in the number of people in poverty � experience a greater number of citations compared with other tract types. similar patterns emerge in our analysis of citations that explicitly target homelessness and extreme poverty. in post-hoc analyses, we found that census tracts characterised by a decrease in the number of people in poverty experienced greater numbers of total police citations and of citations targeting homeless individuals, compared with other tract types. these findings carry important theoretical implications for understanding the divergent manifestations of, and potential mechanisms driving, order maintenance policing. methodologically, we contend that police citations provide a more precise measure of order maintenance policing compared with previous studies, and that classifying neighbourhoods in terms of relative displacement of residents in poverty provides much-needed interpretive clarity. 10. title: what do residential lotteries show us about transportation choices? authors: adam millard-ball, jeremy west, nazanin rezaei, garima desai abstract: credibly identifying how the built environment shapes behaviour is empirically challenging, because people select residential locations based on differing constraints and preferences for site amenities. our study overcomes these research barriers by leveraging san francisco�s affordable housing lotteries, which randomly allow specific households to move to specific residences. using administrative data, we demonstrate that lottery-winning households� baseline preferences are uncorrelated with their allotted residential features such as public transportation accessibility, parking availability and bicycle infrastructure � meaning that neighbourhood attributes and a building�s parking supply are effectively assigned at random. surveying the households, we find that these attributes significantly affect transportation mode choices. most notably, we show that essentially random variation in on-site parking availability greatly changes households� car ownership decisions and driving frequency, with substitution away from public transport. in contrast, we find that parking availability does not affect employment or job mobility. overall, the evidence from our study robustly supports that local features of the built environment are important determinants of transportation behaviour. 11. title: the hack: what it is and why it matters to urban studies authors: sophia maalsen abstract: this commentary advances the �hack� as an urban concept. while the hack transcends existing literatures on the digital and informality, it is a distinctive concept and is being used systematically in new domains. i situate the hack conceptually, outline its empirical and methodological value and propose a framework to research the urban hack. importantly, it is not just the technologies of hacking but the translation of computational logics to the urban that underpins the importance of the hack, as well as the critical need to set out a research agenda surrounding the hack within urban studies. �n n/ffnċ� 12. title: shaking up the city: ignorance, inequality, and the urban question authors: dallas rogers abstract: the article reviews the book  shaking up the city: ignoranc*,.>@dtz^`bfvx< ��ʻ�ʛʉz�f^qc<.h�c�h�c�5�ojqj^j h�c�h�c�h�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h 2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h�c�h�c�5�cjojqj^jajh��5�cjojqj^jaj h��5�cjojqj^jajo(h�c�5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h��h��5�cjojqj^jaj`bd@ � ��>�  ���� t��ny%%������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4< > @ p r � � � � � ������<=>fg���������ķ�ݪ���v�hasvchasvchhvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(he�he�5�ojqj^j he�he�h�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(hihj�ojqj^jo(h�c�h�c�ojqj^jht45�ojqj^jo(hicy5�ojqj^jh�c�h�c�5�ojqj^j h�c�h�c�hj�5�ojqj^jo(h�"�hu<�5�ojqj^j��    ����������������ÿ������p����p�buh�hihanojqj^jh�!0h�!0ojqj^jh� )hto�ojqj^jo(hvi�hto�5�ojqj^jo(h�!0h�!05�ojqj^j h�!0h�!0hto�hto�5�ojqj^j hto�hto�h�"�h�`�5�ojqj^jhto�5�ojqj^jo(h%j,5�ojqjo(hihu<�ojqj^jo(he�h�l$ojqj^jo(he�he�ojqj^j he�he������  rst]^������������µ���µ��и�|qdvha h�z%h�z%h�psh�ps5�ojqj^jh�"�h)w�5�ojqj^jh�ps5�ojqj^jo(h)w�5�ojqjo(hvi�h%j,ojqj^jo(h�!0h$?�ojqj^jo(h�!0h�!0ojqj^jhvi�h$?�5�ojqj^jo(h$?�5�ojqj^jo(h�!0h�!05�ojqj^j h�!0h�!0h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jh�"�h%j,5�ojqj^jhs/�5�ojqj^jo(�lmnvwwxy��%%%%%%!%"%������䱣���zobtf? 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