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volume 59, issue 7, may 2022
1. title: the janus-faced genius of cities
authors: christof parnreiter
abstract: departing from storper�s (2013) notion of a �genius of cities� but extending the concept from agglomeration economies to inter-city networks and the built environment as foundations of cities� genius, i argue that cities� genius is janus-faced. my contention is that cities� specific environments not only breed all the �good� innovations that drive innovation and growth but they also generate the �bad� ones, which allow for the development of the means of exploitation. cities are, as a result of their very properties, key places for the organisation of uneven development.
2. title: �it�s part of our community, where we live�: urban heritage and children�s sense of place
authors: lucy grimshaw, lewis mates
abstract: the literature on a �sense of place� often sidelines the voices of children. consequently, little is known about how children can be encouraged to develop a sense of place. this matters because a sense of place involves feelings of belonging and attachment, and can contribute to children�s wellbeing and identity. informed by the research of bartos and severcan, we deploy data from a qualitative research project in a primary school in a former coalfield area in the north-east of england to argue that children�s experiences of learning about their urban local history and heritage can help to develop their sense of place. placing children�s voices centrally in our research, we explore how they engage with learning about local mining history, and the impact of place-based pedagogy. emphasising the possibilities and importance of their deep involvement with their urban heritage, we show, firstly, the ways in which children�s sense of place is strengthened when they develop a feeling of ownership over their own history. secondly, we explore how children develop a sense of place through engaging their emotions and physicality, and, thirdly, their senses. we conclude that learning about local history through place-based pedagogy allows children to create and interpret historical events and develop a sense of place. taking ownership of their history makes the children active participants in telling the story of their place. children can then develop new ways of seeing themselves in places, as they make connections between the past, present and future.
3. title: the crowd and citylife: materiality, negotiation and inclusivity at tokyo�s train stations
authors: romit chowdhury, colin mcfarlane
abstract: in the history of urban thought, density has been closely indexed to the idea of citylife. drawing on commuters� experiences and perceptions of crowds in and around tokyo�s shinjuku station, this article offers an ethnographic perspective on the relationship between urban crowds and life in the city. we advance understandings of the relations between the crowd and citylife through three categories of �crowd relations�� materiality, negotiation and inclusivity � to argue that the multiplicity of meanings which accrue to people�s encounters with crowds refuses any a priori definitions of optimum levels of urban density. rather, the crowd relations gathered here are evocations of citylife that take us beyond the tendency to represent the crowd as a particular kind of problem, be it alienation, exhaustion or a threshold for �good� and �bad� densities. the portraits of commuter crowds presented capture the various entanglements between human and non-human, embodiment and mobility, and multiculture and the civic, through which citylife emerges as a mode of being with oneself and others.
4. title: reclaiming hong kong through neighbourhood-making: a study of the 2019 anti-elab movement
authors: yao-tai li, katherine whitworth
abstract: set in the context of the 2019 anti-extradition law amendment bill (anti-elab) protest movement in hong kong, this study focuses on selected material and social appropriations of space including community-focused events held in shopping malls, the establishment of networks connecting consumers to suppliers with like-minded political values, and human chains. drawing on popular concepts such as scale, network and place-frames found in the literature on contentious politics, we argue that the place-making practices observed during the period of study became claim-making practices that effectively framed movement aims and projected movement claims beyond the neighbourhood scale into a dynamic contestation at the city and national scales. adopting key elements of neighbourhood as defined by jenks and dempsey, we highlight that the socio-spatial practices of the anti-elab protests not only re-cast city spaces into neighbourhood spaces but also redefined traditional understandings of neighbourhood as a socio-spatial construct. we argue that during the anti-elab movement an �ideological neighbourhood� emerged in which spatial relationality is not borne out through physical proximity. instead, connections between functional and social units were established through ideological affinity. these new connections and the replication of neighbourhood-based practices reinforced the construction of a socially and politically distinct hong kong identity. we extend the literatures on contentious politics and urban sociology by showing that the ideology and the imaginaries of movement participants can become spatially manifest and thus defensible in the physical world through new territorialities such as the neighbourhood.
5. title: moving down the urban hierarchy: turning point of china�s internal migration caused by age structure and hukou system
authors: xiaoyan mu, anthony gar-on yeh, xiaohu zhang, jiejing wang, jian lin
abstract: internal migration is critically important in china, where the fertility rate is declining and international immigration is under strict control. this study explores the massive population movement in china, examines the migration pattern of non-hukou migrants, 2010�2015 and 2014�2015 migration patterns through the urban hierarchy of the urban system using migration trajectories derived from the 2015 one percent population sample survey. results reveal an emerging reversal from a predominantly upward pattern (e.g. most of the net flows move to high-level cities) to a downward one (e.g. from super-large/extra-large cities to large cities) in the recent migration trend. regional disparities are significant. an upward and eastward tendency still dominates in the western, central and northeastern regions, whereas a downward and decentralised tendency has been initiated in the eastern region. the causes for the structural change include common factors found in developed countries, such as the influence of age and life courses. the age structure of china�s population caused by the �one-child� policy weakened the upward momentum and led to a strengthening downward trend in the current migration pattern. the contextual and institutional factor hukou also has a significant effect on people�s migration directions. hukou attracts people to move up or down the hierarchy to their registered place or where they can acquire registration. the characteristics of registered migrants reflect the different criteria of cities in granting hukou.
6. title: citizenship acquisition and spatial stratification: analysing immigrant residential mobility in the netherlands
authors: christophe leclerc, maarten vink, hans schmeets
abstract: whereas the so-called �citizenship premium� in the labour market has been widely studied, we know little about how naturalisation affects immigrants� lives beyond work and income. focusing on the netherlands, this paper analyses the relationship between citizenship acquisition and immigrant residential mobility, in particular the propensity of immigrants to move away from areas with high concentrations of migrants. we draw on register data from statistics netherlands (n = 234,912). we argue that possessing dutch citizenship reduces spatial stratification by diminishing the risk of housing market discrimination, thereby facilitating mobility outside of migrant-concentrated areas. our findings show that naturalised immigrants are 50% more likely to move out of concentrated neighbourhoods, all else constant. the effect of naturalisation is especially relevant for renting without housing benefits and for home ownership, and for mid-risk immigrants who earn around the median income and hold permanent jobs, whose applications face strong scrutiny from landlords, rental agencies and mortgage lenders.
7. title: post-studentification? promises and pitfalls of a near-campus urban intensification strategy
authors: nick revington
abstract: the concentration of students in neighbourhoods through processes of studentification has often precipitated conflicts with other residents centred on behavioural issues and perceived neighbourhood decline. dominant policy responses have been exclusive in nature, attempting to restrict where students can live or to encourage them to live in purpose-built student accommodation in designated areas. drawing primarily on interviews with key informants in waterloo, canada, i examine a process of �post-studentification� where non-student residents are instead integrated into student-dominated neighbourhoods through urban intensification, promoted by an alternative policy approach. i outline this process and its links to other forms of urban change. despite the promise of a more inclusive strategy to mitigate the challenges of studentification, i find that post-studentification is subject to several pitfalls related to local planning objectives, local contingencies and inequalities with respect to class, age and gender.
8. title: neoliberalism and neo-dirigisme in action: the state�corporate alliance and the great housing rush of the 2000s in istanbul, turkey
authors: sinan tankut g�lhan
abstract: this paper foregrounds the state�corporate alliance in real estate development in istanbul since the early 2000s. employing a geo-coded sample of 294 private housing development projects built since the early 1980s and in-depth interviews with the private development companies, the paper focuses on how the construction industry and the massive commodification of urban land produced a new state�space nexus. the underlying question here is the nascent shape of urban political-economy, the trends of housing construction, the cycles of boom and bust and the mechanisms of capital accumulation concerning the state�s centralising control over space. in this sample, a few critical aspects of the production of concrete space became apparent. seven findings are discussed. first, the developers of istanbul followed the clientelistic patterns in the urban built environment. the second aspect is that the state is the sole supply-side actor that determines istanbul�s built environment. the third point in this analysis of urban development initiated by the private sector is focused on the fact that the real estate speculation is state-led. the fourth and fifth points are related to the turkish real estate developers� inability to procure financing for the duration of the construction process. the sixth factor in the evaluation of the private real estate sector in istanbul is the geographical and class dispersal of active development projects. the seventh factor in understanding those real estate developers is their novel approach to marketing and advertisement and the way they employ architecture as an extension of public relations.
9. title: manufacturing urbanism: improvising the urban�industrial nexus through chinese economic zones in africa
authors: tom goodfellow, zhengli huang
abstract: the relationship between industrialisation and urban development is subject to assumptions based on experiences in the global north, with little research on how it plays out in countries undergoing urbanisation and industrialisation today. in the context of recent excitement about china�s role in stimulating an �industrial revolution� in africa, we examine how chinese zones in ethiopia and uganda are influencing the urban�industrial nexus. we argue that chinese zones are key sites of urban�industrial encounter, but these dynamics are not primarily driven by the government officials that dominate the �policy mobilities� literature, nor by the state-owned enterprises usually associated with chinese activity overseas. rather, they are emerging through the activities of inexperienced private chinese actors who do not even operate in the worlds of urban policy. faced with government histories and capacities that vastly differ from china�s, directly replicating the chinese experience is virtually impossible; yet the tentative and improvisational relationships between chinese firms, african government authorities and other local actors are gradually moulding new urbanisms into shape. the piecemeal bargaining and negotiation that unfolds through these relationships bridges some of the gaps between industrialisation and planning, but this cannot compensate for the governance of the urban�industrial nexus at higher scales.
10. title: outer-suburban politics and the financialisation of the logistics real estate industry: the emergence of financialised coalitions in the paris region
authors: nicolas raimbault
abstract: logistics real estate is a type of property rarely covered in the existing literature on the financialisation of property markets. the emergence of specialised international real estate firms, which act as developers, investors and property fund managers, means that the logistics real estate industry has taken a unique financialisation path. the present article explains the specific features of the financialisation of the logistics real estate industry and contributes to the understanding of the financialisation of outer-suburban governance. based on a qualitative analysis of the european logistics real estate market and case studies conducted in the greater paris region, the article combines an analysis of the sociotechnical mediations of financial circuits in the logistics built environment with the study of emerging local public�private coalitions formed to develop logistics zones. as such, it will be seen that the domination of integrated global firms in logistics real estate depends on their capacity to form local coalitions.
11. title: governing investors and developers: analysing the role of risk allocation in urban development
authors: frances brill
abstract: this article argues that urban governance, and academic theorisations of it, have focused on the role and strategies of real estate developers at the expense of understanding how investors are shaped by regulatory environments. in contrast, using the case of institutional investment in london�s private rental housing (build to rent), in this article i argue that unpacking the private sector and the development process helps reveal different types of risk which necessitate variegated responses from within the real estate sector. in doing so, i demonstrate the complexities of the private sector in urban development, especially housing provision, and the l
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