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volume 60, issue 1, january 2023
1. title: is urbanisation in the global south fundamentally different? comparative global urban analysis for the 21st century
authors: gregory f randolph, michael storper
abstract: a vigorous debate has emerged in recent years over how to understand cities of the global south. a pivotal issue in this debate is whether urbanisation processes in the south are so fundamentally different from historical and current urbanisation in the global north that many of the theories developed from studying the latter have limited utility in application to the former. in this article, we review evidence from a range of disciplines on recent and ongoing urban transitions and urbanisation dynamics in the global south, attending to features that distinguish the urban south from the urban north. our reading of the evidence indicates that parts of the global south may be urbanising along historically and geographically specific trajectories; however, we argue that these differences are best understood through a unified set of global urban theories. rather than flattening or silencing difference, theories that seek generalisation across time and space sharpen the identification and appreciation of key differences in urbanisation processes. analysing how the fundamental dynamics of urbanisation recombine and interact with one another in different contexts offers insight into policy challenges that cut across cities, both within and between the global south and north, as well as context-specific policy issues that arise through the interaction of global urbanisation forces and local specificities.
2. title: impacts of political fragmentation on inclusive economic resilience: examining american metropolitan areas after the great recession
authors: soomi lee, shu wang
abstract: we propose the concept of inclusive economic resilience to examine intra-regional economic recovery in american metropolitan areas after the great recession. previous studies have treated regional and municipal economic resilience separately, with little attention to within-region variations in economic resilience. we contribute to the understanding of regional economic resilience by focusing on intra-regional economic recovery in cities. we also introduce an important yet overlooked regional factor in the context of american federalism � fragmentation of local governments. examining us metropolitan areas from 2007 to 2017, we find that different dimensions of local fragmentation exert different impacts on intra-regional economic resilience. our results indicate that a large number of municipal governments and greater service responsibilities borne by special and school districts lead to uneven economic recovery. in contrast, similar fiscal responsibilities taken by municipal governments promote inclusive income recovery.
3. title: interlocal interactions, municipal boundaries and water and wastewater expenditure in city-regions
authors: agustin leon-moreta, vittoria totaro
abstract: urban regions derive social and economic benefits as local governments supply water and wastewater services. we analyse differences in water and wastewater spending programmes in us city-regions. the municipal provision of water and wastewater services is situated in a regional context, examining how cities respond to different needs for services within regions. we use pooled data from 2002 to 2017 to examine changes in municipal water and wastewater expenditures. our central finding is that water and wastewater programmes vary considerably across city-regions. additional findings are that the municipal provision of these programmes appears to be correlated with the interaction between adjacent cities and changes to their jurisdictional boundaries. city governments may adapt their allocation of resources to water and wastewater functions according to the regional conditions surrounding city jurisdictions. this article connects theories of boundary change with systems of interlocal cooperation that support water and wastewater functions in urban regions.
4. title: art in transit: mobility, aesthetics and urban development
authors: theresa enright
abstract: high-profile architecture and design, alongside integrated arts and cultural programming are now ubiquitous features of public transit networks. this article considers how and why transit-based arts and cultural programmes are proliferating globally as well as the impact of these programmes on transit and urban dynamics. through critically analysing the discourses surrounding different transit art initiatives and the institutional structures which support them, this article shows how transit art is used today for varied � and often contradictory � ends. based on this, it argues that we should not uncritically celebrate the rise of transit art as an unmitigated civic good. rather, we must situate the rise of transit art within a political and aesthetic economy in which art has become �expedient�, and contend with the way transit art is implicated in elite, exclusionary and unsustainable processes of urbanisation.
5. title: �my neighbourhood is fuzzy, not hard and fast�: individual and contextual associations with perceived residential neighbourhood boundaries among ageing americans
authors: jessica finlay, joy jang, michael esposito, leslie mcclure, suzanne judd, philippa clarke
abstract: neighbourhoods are fluid social and spatial constructs that vary by person and place. how do residential neighbourhoods shift as people age? this mixed-methods study investigates how perceived neighbourhood boundaries and size vary by individual and contextual characteristics. semi-structured interviews with 125 adults aged 55�92 years living in the minneapolis (minnesota) metropolitan area suggested that neighbourhood boundaries are �fuzzy�. qualitative thematic analysis identified duration of residence and housing stability, race, life-space mobility, social capital, sense of safety, and the built and social environment as key neighbourhood determinants. this informed quantitative analyses among 7811 respondents (mean age 72) from the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (regards) study who self-reported how many blocks composed their neighbourhoods. we tested individual and contextual factors identified in the qualitative results as related to perceived neighbourhood size. three-level gamma regression models showed that being older, white, less educated, lower income, less physically and cognitively healthy, less active, less socially supported, and feeling unsafe were significantly associated with smaller self-reported neighbourhood sizes. further, living in less racially diverse, less dense, and less affluent areas were significantly associated with smaller neighbourhoods. the mixed-methods findings deepen understanding of scale in neighbourhood-based research, inform urban planning interventions, and help understand what �neighbourhood� means among diverse ageing americans.
6. title: in the name of history: (de)legitimising street vendors in new york and rome
authors: ryan thomas devlin, francesca piazzoni
abstract: policy makers across the global north tend to remove poor and non-white vendors as inappropriate users of public space. scholars have amply demonstrated that such removals reflect dominant aspirations of the present and future image of the city. but how do ideas about a city�s past help shape these aspirations? we compare how heritage, the socially constructed meanings through which people experience history, helps forge consensus over the legitimacy of vendors in rome and new york. vending has long allowed oppressed people to survive in both cities. these similar histories translate today into diverging attitudes. in rome, a city branded as a site of (white) glory, authorities banish both long-standing jewish vendors and newly arrived immigrants. in new york, mythicised as a place of success for immigrants, policy makers cannot always displace vendors who claim historical legitimacy. we explain these different conditions through a regimes of heritage framework. using archival and ethnographic data, we examine whose voices count more in constructing each city�s past, what stories are told, and how these stories imbricate with existing political structures. regimes of heritage, we find, help spatialise neoliberalism, differentiated citizenship, and authenticity. these dynamics highlight heritage as a critical, if underexplored agent of urban oppression and resistance.
7. title: organising grassroots infrastructure: the (in)visible work of organisational (in)completeness
authors: mar�a jos� zapata campos, ester barinaga, jaan-henrik kain, michael oloko, patrik zapata
abstract: in this article we build on the concept of incompleteness, as recently developed in both organisational and urban studies, to improve our understanding of the collective actions of grassroots organisations in creating and governing critical infrastructures in the changing and resource-scarce contexts of urban informal settlements. empirically, the article is informed by the case of resident associations providing critical services and infrastructure in informal settlements in kisumu, kenya. findings suggest three organisational processes that grassroots organisations develop for the production and governance of incomplete grassroots infrastructures: shaping a partial organisation but creating the illusion of a formal and complete organisation; crafting critical (and often hidden) material and organisational infrastructures for the subsistence of dormant (but still visible) structures; and moulding nested infrastructure that shelters layers of floating and autonomous groups embedded in communities. in a resource-poor environment, the strategy is to create incompleteness, less organisation and to keep it partial and limited to a minimum of elements. the article also explores the political implications of organisational and infrastructural incompleteness by examining how it leads to efforts to craft loose and ambiguous governmental arrangements, connecting them materially and politically to formal infrastructure systems. these governmental arrangements are shifting and in the making, and therefore also incomplete. the article reveals how grassroots organisations mobilise a wide range of (in)visibility approaches. it concludes by exposing the hidden power of �incompleteness� and the potential in hiding certain elements of incompleteness from outsiders, while rendering other elements visible when perceived as useful.
8. title: towards a modest imaginary? sanitation in kampala beyond the modern infrastructure ideal
authors: mary lawhon, gloria nsangi nakyagaba, timos karpouzoglou
abstract: the idea of the modern city continues to inform urban policies and practices, shaping ideas of what infrastructure is and how it ought to work. while there has long been conflict over its meaning and relevance, particularly in southern cities, alternatives remain difficult to identify. in this paper, we �read for difference� in the policies and practices of sanitation in kampala, purposefully looking for evidence of an alternative imaginary. we find increasing acceptance of and support for heterogeneous technological artefacts and a shift to consider these as part of wider infrastructures. these sanitation configurations are, at times, no longer framed as temporary placeholders while �waiting for modernity�, but instead as pathways towards a not yet predetermined end. what this technological change means for policies, permissions and socio-economic relations is also as yet unclear: the roles and responsibilities of the modern infrastructure ideal have limited significance, but new patterns remain in the making. further, while we find increased attention to limits and uncertainty, we also see efforts to weave modernist practices (creating legible populations, knowing and controlling nature) into emergent infrastructural configurations. in this context, we consider kampala not as a complete instantiation of a �modest� approach to infrastructure, but as a place where struggles over infrastructure are rooted in competing, dynamic imaginaries about how the world is and what this means for the cities we build. it is also a place from which we might begin articulating a �modest imaginary� that enables rethinking what infrastructure is and ought to be.
9. title: residential segregation of migrants: disentangling the intersectional and multiscale segregation of migrants in shijiazhuang, china
authors: gwilym owen, yu chen, timothy birabi, gwilym pryce, hui song, bifeng wang
abstract: residential segregation, especially of rural migrants, is of growing concern in china. a key question is whether this spatial separation is entirely due to income � rural migrants priced out of affluent areas � or whether other factors, such as institutional discrimination or social prejudice or homophily, are also at work. we employ state-of-the-art methods to yield a more detailed and nuanced picture of segregation in shijiazhuang, a second-tier chinese city. we use a multilevel modelling approach that allows us not only to quantify the extent of segregation at different spatial scales, but also to disentangle the intersectional nature of segregation: the extent to which segregation is due to migrant status or low income alone. we find that migrant status is actually more important than occupation in determining segregation. these findings emphasise the imperative to decompose intersectional segregation into its constituent parts, a task recently made possible by developments in multilevel modelling.
10. title: deal-making, elite networks and public�private hybridisation: more-than-neoliberal urban governance
authors: chris gibson, crystal legacy, dallas rogers
abstract: in this commentary, we argue that augmented concepts and research methods are needed to comprehend hybrid urban governance reconfigurations that benefit market actors but eschew competition in favour of deal-making between elite state and private actors. fuelled by financialisation and in response to planning conflict are regulatory reforms that legitimise opaque alliances in service of infrastructure and urban development projects. from a specific city (sydney, australia) we draw upon one such reform � unsolicited proposals � to point to a broader landscape of hybrid urban governance, its reconfigurations of power and potential effect on cities. whereas neoliberal governance promotes competition and views the state and private sectors as distinct, hybrid urban governance leverages state monopoly power and abjures market competition, instead endorsing high-level public�private coordination, technical and financial expertise and confidential deal-making over major urban projects. we scrutinise how unsolicited proposals normalise this approach. commercial-in-confidence protection and absent tender processes authorise a narrow constellation of influential private and public actors to preconfigure outcomes without oversight. such reforms, we argue, consolidate elite socio-spatial power, jeopardise city function and amplify corruption vulnerabilities. to theorise hybrid urban governance at the intersection of neoliberalism and asia-pacific state-capitalism, we offer the concepts of coercive monopoly (where market entry is closed, without opportunity to compete) and de jure collusion (where regulation reforms codify informal alliances among elites connected across government and corporate and consultancy worlds). we call for urban scholarship to pay closer attention to public�private hybridisation in governance, scrutinising regulatory mechanisms that consecrate deal-making and undermine the public interest.
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11. title: street-level governing: negotiating the state in urban turkey
authors: g�l_ah ayka�
abstract: the article reviews the book street-level governing: negotiating the state in urban turkey by elise massicard.
12. title: latinos and the liberal city: politics and protest in san francisco
authors: sylvia gonzalez-gorman
abstract: the article reviews the book �latinos and the liberal city: politics and protest in san francisco� by eduardo contreras.
13. title: the city as action: retheorizing urban studies
authors: aleem mahabir
abstract: the article reviews the book �the city as action: retheorizing urban studies� by narendar pani.
14. title: frankenstein urbanism: eco, smart and autonomous cities, artifi
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