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volume 50, issue 1, february 2022
1. title: updating the institutional collective action framework
authors: serena y. kim, william l. swann, christopher m. weible, thomas bolognesi, rachel m. krause, angela y.s. park, tian tang, kiernan maletsky, richard c. feiock
abstract: the institutional collective action (ica) framework has contributed to understanding collective action problems in fragmented governance and identified mechanisms for overcoming them. participation in collaboration is risky��even if it has the potential to make all parties better off. this framework has uniquely shown how collaboration risk and other transaction costs can be overcome to create effective collaborations for addressing complex policy issues. however, after over a decade of use, the framework is due for critical evaluation and articulation of its state of the art and science to better inform future scholarship. for this purpose, this article defines key concepts and formulates assumptions, as well as reviews the empirical contributions and longstanding limitations of the ica framework. a robust agenda for future research is also outlined. to move forward, we believe ica research should focus on the foundational core of the ica framework, maintain flexibility in explanatory models, and expand the scope beyond the collective action problems at the local level.
2. title: boundary spanning through engagement of policy actors in multiple issues
authors: laurence brandenberger, karin ingold, manuel fischer, isabelle schl�pfer, philip leifeld
abstract: prominent current policy problems such as climate change, migration, or the financial crisis embrace a multitude of issues that are tackled within single- or multiple-policy subsystems. however, interdependencies among actors that arise due to their multi-issue engagement are often discounted when studying policy processes, including learning dynamics and alliance or trust formation among actors engaged in multiple issues. various issues compete for actors� attention, and actors need to choose an appropriate set of issues to deal with given their scarce resources. in this, why do actors engage in multiple issues? we present an innovative inductive approach that identifies policy issues related to swiss water politics and actors involved therein. we use a two-mode exponential random graph model to estimate actors� multi-issue activity. results show that 39% of actors engage in more than one water-related issue and that cross-subsystem and homophily clustering and clustered issue popularity drive this issue engagement.
3. title: policy regime decay
authors: adam sheingate
abstract: this paper develops the concept of policy regime decay to examine what happens when the political foundations of public policies break down. policy regime decay consists of an erosion of consensus over policy goals, an unraveling of support coalitions, and an exhaustion of institutional capacity to structure the policy process. these elements of decay have observable implications and they inform an empirical strategy for a case study of u.s. food and agriculture policy. using content analysis of congressional hearings, analysis of legislative roll calls, and policy agenda measures, the paper finds evidence of elite disagreement over nutrition programs, a partisan divide on farm bill votes, and a diffusion of committee jurisdiction over food and agriculture issues in congress. these findings have implications for understanding the policy consequences of polarization, policy feedback effects, and the dynamics of policy regimes.
4. title: subsystems and ill-fitting problems: clarifying a concept
authors: jonathan lewallen
abstract: policy process scholars are increasingly attentive to issues that engage multiple subsystems, though they disagree on what the unit of analysis should be. researchers have used the term �boundary spanning,� which already refers to a different class of institutions and actors, as well as variants of the terms wicked and messy problems without incorporating their full definitions. in this article, i argue that trans-subsystem issues are better understood as �ill-fitting problems� because they do not neatly fit into existing institutional jurisdictions. jurisdictions are arbitrary rather than fixed, so our understanding of which problems stretch across subsystems depends on the political system or institution under study. i illustrate the match or mismatch between issues and institutional organization using data on attention to cybersecurity issues in u.s. congressional hearings from 1966 to 2014. cybersecurity's widely varied attributes mean that multiple committees and the subsystems they represent compete for policymaking authority, while cybersecurity also competes for attention within each component subsystem. while the opposite phenomenon, �well-fitting problems� are possible, endogenous and exogenous problem definition dynamics will worsen the fit between most issues and their governing arrangements. the clarified concept of ill-fitting problems can support research into policy regimes, wicked problems, and complex systems.
5. title: layering action situations to integrate spatial scales, resource linkages, and change over time: the case of groundwater management in agricultural hubs in germany
authors: malte m�ck, colette s. vogeler, nils c. bandelow, boris schr�der
abstract: this paper contributes to the integration of the study of multiple (i) spatial scales, (ii) resource systems, and (iii) points in time in natural resource governance by introducing a strategy of layering action situations. in the institutional analysis and development framework, action situations can be studied singularly, in comparison, or as networks of action situations. building on this work, we propose to complement an established action situation with new ones derived from the evolution of the case. this preserves the initial action situation and thereby enables scholars to keep track of institutional change within and beyond it. we illustrate the approach by studying a case of groundwater pollution by nitrate in a german region of intensive livestock farming.
6. title: adapting to sea-level rise: centralization or decentralization in polycentric governance systems?
authors: mark lubell, matthew robbins
abstract: how do polycentric governance systems respond to the emergence of new collective-action problems? we study this question in the context of the evolution of polycentric systems of sea-level rise adaptation in the san francisco bay area. we focus on how the structure of polycentric systems changes over time to support cooperation and learning and whether those changes represent a process of centralization or decentralization. the ecology of games framework provides the theoretical background for developing hypotheses about the structure of the system over time. we test the hypotheses by analyzing the polycentric system as a two-mode network where actors are linked to policy, divided into five time periods from 1991 to 2016. the results suggest that the polycentric system for sea-level rise adaptation started with a centralized set of actors, which evolved over time to a more decentralized structure. the research has general implications with respect to how polycentric systems manage the trade-off between maintaining local autonomy and coordinating decisions at the regional level across fragmented policy communities.
7. title: birds of a feather fight together: forum involvement in a weakly institutionalized ecology of policy games
authors: tom�s olivier, ramiro berardo
abstract: policymaking in modern democracies often occurs in polycentric governance systems where decisions are made in multiple, relatively interdependent policy forums. the role and performance of policy forums, however, is likely to be influenced by their broader institutional context. institutional contexts impose transaction costs that stakeholders must consider when self-organizing, particularly in weakly institutionalized settings where the transaction costs of collaboration are high. using social network analysis, we analyze forum participation dynamics in the lower valley of the chubut river in argentina; a weakly institutionalized setting where water policy problems are increasing in the face of growing population and climate change. our findings show that forum participants tend to perceive certain types of collective action problems as more salient, and forums tend to attract participants with similar perceptions about cooperation problems (a specific type of collective action problem). these situations may lend forums not only to facilitate the generation of trust among stakeholders with similar perceptions, but also to reproduce certain perceptions about which are the dominant collective action problems, which can deepen conflict in the long run. our findings shed light on the conditions under which policy stakeholders in weakly institutionalized settings may self-organize to foster collective action.
8. title: diverse lobbying coalitions and influence in notice-and-comment rulemaking
authors: maraam a. dwidar
abstract: many studies have identified a line of influence between interest group lobbying and the federal bureaucracy�s implementation of public policy. these works, however, have often focused on the influence of individual groups rather than coalitional efforts, which compose the majority of lobbying. assessing this activity is critical to understanding the role of public participants in administrative policymaking. i test the influence of diverse coalitions of interest groups on bureaucratic policy outputs by analyzing a new dataset of organizations� co-signed public comments across nearly 350 federal agency rules proposed between 2005 and 2015. i find that agencies favor recommendations from organizationally diverse coalitions, and not coalitions that are bipartisan or dominated by business interests. further, i find that coalition influence is heightened when lobbying in coalitions that are larger in size and more well-resourced, and when policy salience is low. i conclude that diverse lobbying coalitions help bureaucrats to shape the direction and content of regulatory law. this conclusion further establishes the role of organizational participants in bureaucratic policymaking and contributes to the debate over democratic legitimacy in the administrative state.
9. title: private citizens, stakeholder groups, or governments? perceived legitimacy and participation in water collaborative governance
authors: iris hui, gemma smith
abstract: collaborative governance (cg), involving partnership between governmental and non-governmental actors, has emerged as an alternative to traditional government (tg). while cg may be seen as a strategy for increasing legitimacy, we know little about how the public evaluates inclusion of private citizens and stakeholder groups in decision-making processes. following the methodology of cain et al. in their 2020 study of transportation and drawing on legitimacy theory, we develop a series of �components� of legitimacy. we then use these to test how respondents perceive the legitimacy of different institutional arrangements through a survey experiment on a nationally representative sample of u.s. adults. our results reveal that regardless of board function, respondents perceived cg as more legitimate than tg. among different types of cg, they prefer the inclusion of private citizens over stakeholder groups, adding empirical data to theoretical debate over how and under what conditions cg may increase the legitimacy of public governance.
10. title: what was the problem in parkland? using social media to measure the effectiveness of issue frames
authors: kevin aslett, nora webb williams, andreu casas, wesley zuidema, john wilkerson
abstract: agenda setting and issue framing research investigates how frames impact public attention, policy decisions, and political outcomes. social media sites, such as twitter, provide opportunities to study framing dynamics in an important area of political discourse. we present a method for identifying frames in tweets and measuring their effectiveness. we use topic modeling combined with manual validation to identify recurrent problem frames and topics in thousands of tweets by gun rights and gun control groups following the marjory stoneman douglas high school in parkland, florida, shooting. we find that each side used twitter to advance policy narratives about the problem in parkland. gun rights groups� narratives implied that more gun restrictions were not the solution. their most effective frame focused on officials� failures to enforce existing laws. in contrast, gun control groups portrayed easy access to guns as the problem and emphasized the importance of mobilizing politically to force change.
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