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��ࡱ�>�� u �r�[�bjbj�n�n2��a��ay ��""��8��$��sl��r�r�r�r�r�r�r$u��w<se��s��4`s�^��r��r�� k�rvs0�sxg�dxb1x x$�]o��ss�&��s��dx��"qs: public administration volume 101, issue 2, june 2023 1. title: an (in)effective tax and expenditure limit (tel): why county governments do not utilize their maximum allotted property tax rate authors: john w. decker ph.d. abstract: tax and expenditure limits (tels) are restrictions placed on governments limiting their ability to collect and spend revenue. residents support these tels, as they desire lower tax burdens and more government efficiency; yet, residents still desire the same level of public services. property tax rate limits, a specific type of tel, are placed upon local governments to limit their ability to collect revenue and expand authority. rate limits were implemented on the assumption that governments would tax at their highest maximum possible rate, but this is not always the case. this article studies why some local governments choose not to utilize their maximum allotted property tax rate. using an open systems governance approach, a panel data analysis was conducted using data from 67 florida counties from 2008 to 2017. results of the analysis show that the use of special districts and the age of the residential population have significant effects on property tax rate decisions. 2. title: gender-responsive budgeting: a budget reform to address gender inequity authors: marilyn marks rubin, john r. bartle abstract: in recognition of gender inequities, more than 80 countries have applied a gender perspective to their budget process, initiatives referred to as gender-responsive budgeting (grb). research on grb initiatives has focused on whether they reduce gender inequities. however, if it is to have a lasting effect, grb must reform the budget process and become integral to government administrative routines. we examine the experiences of several countries with grb initiatives and identify the key factors explaining implementation success or failure. we find that these factors are similar to those that explain the success of earlier budget reforms focused on efficiency and effectiveness. while the equity objective of grb differentiates it from other budget reforms, these factors provide the context for understanding grb initiatives. although gender parity is just one dimension of social equity, the success of grb initiatives shows that governments can use their budgets to meet social equity objectives. 3. title: comparing public servants' behavior in south korea and the united states: how emotional labor moderates the relationship between organizational commitment and job performance authors: seung-bum yang, mary e. guy abstract: the relationship between organizational commitment and job performance matters in public service delivery, and so does the emotive dimension of the citizen�state interaction. however, public management theories and principles must take national culture into account, because comparative investigation reveals limits to generalizability across cultures. this study provides an example. it examines the link between commitment and performance as well as the moderating effect of emotional labor for public service workers in korea and the united states. probably due to the differing effect of collectivist versus individualist norms, findings reveal that authentic emotive expression bolsters the relationship between organizational commitment and job performance in korea, while its opposite, inauthentic emotive expression weakens the link between commitment and performance in the united states. 4. title: emotional labor and employee outcomes: a meta-analysis authors: nicole m. humphrey abstract: while there is agreement among scholars that people-work requires emotional labor, there is still some uncertainty about the consequences of emotional labor for employees. this article conducts a random-effects meta-analysis including 545 correlations across 175 primary studies to explore the relationship between emotional labor, burnout, and job satisfaction. the meta-analysis suggests that emotional labor can be both harmful and beneficial to employees, depending on the emotional labor strategy used, that is, surface acting or deep acting. in addition, the meta-regression shows that effect sizes between emotional labor and employee outcomes (i.e., burnout and job satisfaction) differ in collectivist and individualist cultures. the article concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for research and practice. 5. title: service quality and the optimum number of members in intermunicipal cooperation: the case of emergency primary care services in norway authors: sara bl�ka, dag ingvar jacobsen, tone morken abstract: intermunicipal cooperation (imc) is often used as a mean to reap scale benefits. most studies on the effects of imc focus on cost savings, while service quality is overlooked. in this study, the focus is set on input quality in a service characterized by high asset specificity and need for redundancy: emergency primary care. we analyze how mode of governance affect performance by (1) measuring whether imc versus single-municipal production affects input quality and (2) identifying optimum scale of operation; effect of the number of participants in the cooperation on input quality. the findings indicate that cooperation weakens the input quality of medical workforce, but that this negative effect is balanced out as the number of participants increases, indicating that cooperation needs to reach a certain size to achieve optimum scale of operation. concerning equipment, both cooperation in general and an increasing number of participants decrease the input quality. 6. title: �success� in policy piloting: process, programs, and politics authors: kath checkland, jonathan hammond, anna coleman, julie macinnes, rasa mikelyte, sarah croke, jenny billings, simon bailey, pauline allen abstract: research has demonstrated that pilots contain multiple shifting purposes, not all of which relate to simple policy testing or refinement. judging the success of policy pilots is therefore complex, requiring more than a simple judgment against declared goals. marsh and mcconnell provide a framework against which policy success can be judged, distinguishing program success from process and political success. we adapt boven's modification of this framework and apply it to policy pilots, arguing that pilot process, outcomes and longer-term effects can all be judged in both program and political terms. we test this new framework in a pilot program in the english national health service, the vanguard program, showing how consideration of these different aspects of success sheds light on the program and its aftermath. we consider the implications of the framework for the comprehensive and multifaceted evaluation of policy pilots. 7. title: corruption in social relations: bribe-taking, corruptibility, and corruption risks authors: su su, xing ni abstract: this inquiry aims to investigate how the relational dynamics are imprinted on two critical dimensions of bribe-taking: corruptibility and corruption risks. two treatments were randomly administered to 1400 subjects: single versus repeated interactions and strangers versus weak ties. the findings suggest that repeated interactions induce bigger bribe sizes, but also increase risks from whistleblowing and internal auditing. weak ties mitigate bribe-taking willingness. nevertheless, when coupled with repeated interactions, weak ties suppress the risks from whistleblowing, testifying the bifurcated effects. the tensions between corruptibility and corruption risks suggest that bribe-taking decisions are fraught with internal tensions, with the overall effects likely being a priori determined only in specific contexts. such tensions are more intensified among true bureaucrats as they tend to claim bigger bribes and report more risks from internal auditing. 8. title: distributed leadership and performance-related employee outcomes in public sector organizations authors: mads leth jakobsen, anne mette kjeldsen, thomas pallesen abstract: distributed leadership is the sharing of leadership tasks between managers and employees. this article demonstrates how a distributed leadership perspective adds to the public administration literature by including an important sensitivity to planned and nonplanned leadership. we propose a theoretical model that explains the impact of distributed leadership on employee outcomes which have a direct or indirect impact on organizational performance in public organizations contingent on alignment with individual leadership capacity and organizational goals. our empirical analysis in the danish hospital sector shows initial support for the expected relationships between distributed leadership and performance-related employee outcomes such as job satisfaction and innovative behavior. this indicates that the distributed leadership perspective holds the potential to strengthen service delivery in complex public service organizations while there is weaker support for the notion that the positive impact of distributed leadership depends on individual leadership capacity and their support for organizational goals. 9. title: how local governments prioritize multiple conflicting goals: beyond the sole-goal perspective authors: shaowei chen, kai jia abstract: understanding how public organizations prioritize goals is crucial in studying goal-setting in the public sector. however, the extant literature has mostly adopted a sole-goal perspective and neglected the influences of the interplay among multiple goals. this article extends the literature by going beyond the sole-goal perspective and adopting a multigoal perspective to further explore the complexities in public organizations' goal prioritization when facing multiple conflicting goals. drawing on the theoretical perspectives of performance information use and interorganizational interactions, the main arguments of this study are twofold. first, an organization's prioritization of a particular goal will be positively associated with the performance gap in its conflicting goal. second, organizations tend to adopt a differentiation strategy in the prioritization of multiple conflicting goals. empirical findings based on the investigation of chinese city-level governments' prioritization of environmental goals when confronting conflict between environmental protection and economic development goals support our arguments. 10. title: public sector creativity as the origin of public sector innovation: a taxonomy and future research agenda authors: glenn houtgraaf, peter m. kruyen, sandra van thiel abstract: this systematic literature review analyses how public servants apply workplace creativity to come up with ideas for public sector innovations, defining public sector creativity and analyzing its practices, features, trends, and hiatuses in knowledge for which we provide a future research agenda. creativity is the origin of innovation. public sector creativity, however, is theoretically undefined and underexamined, resulting in unclarity on what constitutes public sector creativity. we define public sector creativity as �public servants coming up with novel and useful ideas through various practices.� our findings indicate that public servants apply at least six taxonomically distinctive creative practices, and although they are involved to different extent in generating the initial idea and thus do not always generate ideas autonomously, they are creative in finding alternative ways to come up with ideas. however, our review indicates hiatuses in knowledge on public sector creativity, for which we provide a future research agenda. 11. title: how does ethnic diversity shape the design of intergovernmental fiscal relations? evidence from china authors: yongzheng liu, mo qiao, hailun wei abstract: this study examines how ethnic diversity shapes the design of intergovernmental fiscal relations in regimes such as china, where local accountability and resident mobility are largely absent. we argue that in these regimes, ethnic diversity largely captures potential social conflicts and instability, consequently requiring a higher level of fiscal centralization and regional equalization from upper-level governments to preserve social stability. using provincial and sub-provincial level panel data from china for 1995�2019, we find strong supporting evidence that an increase in a province's ethnic diversity significantly increases fiscal centralization and the provincial government's fiscal equalization efforts. we also show that these effects tend to be stronger in provinces whose leaders have closer ties with the central authority and where local capture is less serious. our study contributes to a better understanding of ethnic diversity's consequences on the policy choices governments make. 12. title: financial reporting transparency, citizens' understanding, and public participation: a survey experiment study authors: cecilia langella, eugenio anessi-pessina, nives botica redmayne, mariafrancesca sicilia abstract: this study investigates the conditions under which transparency contributes to citizens' understanding of financial reporting and examines how this enhanced understanding is associated with public participation. to this end, a survey experiment was conducted in which two attributes of financial reporting transparency (i.e., content clarification and presentation format) were the manipulated variables, whereas citizens' understanding and public participation were the outcome variables. results demonstrate that the provision of explanations to clarify obscure technical jargon does have a positive effect on citizens' understanding. a similar effect was found for the provision of graphical and visual representations. however, the study reveals that there is no additional benefit in simultaneously providing both explanations of technical jargon and visual aids. furthermore, findings show that the levels of public participation are highest among the individuals who felt they understood the financial information the best, but yet possessed the lowest level of actual understanding. 13. title: evaluating collaborative institutions by segregation and homophily in policy networks authors: adam douglas henry abstract: many policy systems are experimenting with collaborative institutions to manage complex policy problems in the face of persistent conflict and scientific uncertainty. policy networks are central to the theory of why collaborative institutions are effective. while many policy systems naturally become segregated, fragmented, or siloed due to homophily, collaborative institutions are hypothesized to create more integrated systems of organizational collaboration. collaborative institutions may, therefore, be evaluated by the extent to which they reduce the tendency toward homophily and increase the integration of policy networks. this paper evaluates three collaborative institutions in regional land-use planning and specifies a theory of the program from two prominent frameworks: institutional collective action and the advocacy coalition framework. results show that three forms of homophily are at work, and that in some cases, collaborative institutions successfully reduce the tendency toward network segregation. 14. title: an exploration of citizens' professionalism in coproducing social care services authors: sylke jaspers, sanna tuurnas abstract: citizens' involvement in public service delivery challenges the principles of professionalism as such citizens are amateurs. however, there is little evidence of the (non)integration of these principles by citizen coproducers and how this affects professionalism in public service delivery. this article focuses on two principles of professionalism: expertise and accountability. the theoretical framework further reviews the coproduction literature on what can be expected of citizens with regard to these principles and elaborates on the concept of amateurism. the concepts of professionalism and amateurism form the framework for the analysis of citizen coproducers' identity. empirically, this paper presents two case studies of social services in the european context. the results show that these citizen coproducers to a certain extent create a professional identity, tend to stay away from integrating accountability, and introduce elements of amateurism. the presence and guidance of public servants in coproduction can ensure accountability and streamline amateurism. 15. title: collaborating with the competition? a study of interlocal partnership choices authors: meghan e. rubado abstract: in the us system of decentralized federalism, competitive dynamics among local governments are not incompatible with successful interlocal collaboration. municipalities often collaborate with competing jurisdictions in the same region to provide services and solve problems. yet, competitive relations among municipalities are expected to complicate collaboration, escalating transaction costs due to divergent goals and lack of trust. this article uses the institutional collective action framework to examine the conditions under which local governments are best able to surmount competition-related hurdles and successfully partner with their chief municipal competitors. an original survey of mayors and councilors is used to test potential predictors of collaboration among top competitors. results show that municipalities often collaborate with their chief competitors but are less likely to do so when they are situated in municipally-fragmented regions, when they are located in a different county from their top competitors, and when they are fiscally strong. 16. title: the gradual corporatization of transport infrastructure: the danish case authors: lene tolstrup christensen, giuseppe grossi abstract: the article introduces the theoretical perspective on gradual institutional change to the corporatization literature. this is achieved via a longitudinal case study on the institutionalization of the danish state guarantee model (sgm) for transport infrastructure based on archival document studies of seven infrastructure projects and 31 interviews with elite actors and experts. the article explores with a detailed analysis how the gradual change mechanisms of layering, conversion and displacement coexist, are interrelated, and are coevolving over a long period. it contributes to the corporatization literature presenting the sgm as an alternative to public and private partnerships and government agencies. 17. title: searching for �the usual suspects�: the role of discretion and target group constructions in the frontline of policy implementation authors: iben n�rup, betina jacobsen abstract: this study investigates the implementation of preventive policy targeting children. based on longitudinal survey data we analyze how frontline workers assign meaning to core concepts of the policy and categorize the children and in this light how their exercise of discretion affects policy implementation. many studies problematize the effects of limiting the discretion in the frontline. we identify a case where the policy is highly ambiguous, the definitions of target groups, core concepts, or central goals are vague, and the general steering of the frontline is not characterized by a lack of discretion but a lack of organizational boundaries to shape the discretion. this expands not only the policymaking role of the frontline but also becomes a barrier to developing a stronger preventive effort. the findings give nuanced insight into how organizational boundaries affect the discretion and target group construction in the frontline during frontline implementation of welfare policies. 18. title: public value creation and appropriation mechanisms in public�private partnerships: how does it play a role? authors: claudio jos� oliveira dos reis, ricardo corr�a gomes abstract: scholars have extensively investigated public value creation and appropriation concerning public services delivered strictly by the government and public�private arrangements, such as public�private partnerships (ppps). however, such studies often focus on value for money and economic performance criteria. this study examines how public value can be created and appropriated in ppp settings and how public value mechanisms can influence these phenomena. considering that the literature lacks an integrated and structured analytical framework to assess such phenomena, this conceptual article addresses four mainstream ppp topics regarding public value mechanisms (information sharing, public and private capabilities, risk governance, and stakeholder orientation), which can be associated with ppps' public value creation (destruction) and appropriation (misappropriation). thus, this article highlights a need to evaluate ppps in terms of public value creation beyond the economic performance criteria and fills the literature gap by proposing a public value creation and appropriation framework. 19. title: policy advocacy of nongovernmental organizations in china: a quasi-replication of zhan and tang (2013, 2016) authors: shihong guo abstract: this study widely replicates the original studies by zhan and tang to verify the impact of political opportunities and the resources of organizations on policy advocacy, which uses a much larger sample of nongovernmental organizations (ngos) who engage with social work. the main findings of the present study are similar to those of the original studies. first, the study finds that the higher the level of government support, the more likely ngos is to engage in policy advocacy. second, the ngos with stronger political connections are more active in policy advocacy. third, the income of an organization also has a positive effect on policy advocacy. however, the number of full-time staff, location, and the level of registration of an organization does not have a significant effect on policy advocacy. the study increases the understanding of policy advocacy and the relations between the state and society in china. �nn/ffnċ� 20. title: by paul van seters (ed.). anthem press. 2021. the anthem companion to philip selznick. pp. 234. isbn: 978-1-78527-825-9 authors: arjen boin abstract: the article reviews the book the anthem companion to philip selznick by paul van sete () /24568a��ʸʸʸ��~qcuhc=uhicy5�ojqj^jhj�5�ojqj^jo(h�;�h�;�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�]5�cjojqj^jajh 2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h�;�h�;�5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h�;�h�;�5�cjojqj^jaj567�� e =>��uv��gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4�� ! 6 d e n o 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