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volume 51, issue 3, august 2023
1. title: building blocks of polycentric governance
authors: tiffany h. morrison, �rjan bodin, graeme s. cumming, mark lubell, ralf seppelt, tim seppelt, christopher m. weible
abstract: success or failure of a polycentric system is a function of complex political and social processes, such as coordination between actors and venues to solve specialized policy problems. yet there is currently no accepted method for isolating distinct processes of coordination, nor to understand how their variance affects polycentric governance performance. we develop and test a building-blocks approach that uses different patterns or �motifs� for measuring and comparing coordination longitudinally on australia's great barrier reef. our approach confirms that polycentric governance comprises an evolving substrate of interdependent venues and actors over time. however, while issue specialization and actor participation can be improved through the mobilization of venues, such a strategy can also fragment overall polycentric capacity to resolve conflict and adapt to new problems. a building-blocks approach advances understanding and practice of polycentric governance by enabling sharper diagnosis of internal dynamics in complex environmental governance systems.
2. title: identifying institutional configurations for policy outcomes: a comparison of ecosystem services delivery
authors: giulia bazzan, jeroen candel, carsten daugbjerg, mireia pecurul
abstract: this paper employs the institutional analysis and development framework across six ecosystem delivery measures in the european union to develop a configurational explanation of (un)successful outcomes. by undertaking comparative institutional analysis, we systematically examine the effect of variation across rule types and generate insights on how different institutional configurations result in varying degrees of successful implementation of ecosystem delivery measures. we apply explanatory typology methods to identify the institutional features that best explain variation in implementation success across a number of cases. we argue that institutional rules shape outcomes in conjunction rather than in isolation. the findings show that differences in implementation success across cases can be explained by the interplay of differences in knowledge exchange, flexibility in implementation, and participation in the policy design process.
3. title: a grammar of institutions for complex legal topics: resolving statutory multiplicity and scaling up to jurisdiction-level legal institutions
authors: anthony j. demattee
abstract: laws are a unique type of primary data: they structure our everyday interactions and are publicly available to all people. how can we assess the law's effect when multiple overlapping and cross-referencing statutes constrain and incentivize behavior simultaneously? i present a principled method for aggregating the legal rules coded in multiple laws into a single legal institution to help us understand and better characterize complex, interconnected, and sometimes contradictory bundles of legal rules. the method utilizes institutional grammar (ig), which scholars have used to code legal language into comparable institutional statements. the method is amenable to any legal topic and is especially appropriate when multiple statutes simultaneously comprise the legal institution in a single jurisdiction. to illustrate, i draw on the laws regulating civil society organizations (cs0s), which offer a valuable and substantively important prism to study legal texts as the cause of social phenomena or the outcome of a political process. i discuss my proposed method in three parts: first, why using ig enhances a coding instrument's validity; second, how an ig-based instrument allows researchers to scale up coded values of separate laws into a jurisdiction-level value; finally, i compare techniques for estimating descriptive measures of a jurisdiction's legal institution.
4. title: the public-facing policy agenda of state legislatures: the communication of public policy via twitter
authors: david a. m. peterson, wallapak tavanapong, lei qi, adisak sukul, mohammed khaleel
abstract: how political actors choose which politics to focus on helps shape the outcome of the policy process. while the policy agenda of the federal government has received widespread attention, there is much less known about the policy agendas of the u.s. states. in this paper, we describe how and why states choose to have similar agendas. we rely on the twitter activity of every state legislator in america to measure the attention that states pay to the categories developed in the policy agenda project (pap). we develop machine learning tools to measure the proportion of tweets from every state legislature from 2017 in each of the pap policy topics. our results show that states that the public-facing policy agenda of a state legislature is correlated with the level of legislative professionalism and the partisan and ideological politics of the state. these results further our understanding of state policymaking and agenda setting.
5. title: more than just experts for hire: a conceptualization of the roles of consultants in public policy formulation
authors: reut marciano
abstract: consultants are increasingly a part of public policy formulation, and their policy involvement draws extensive interest in research and public debate. however, there is a gap in how we think about their formulation role: they are often conceptualized as a type of expert, while their actual interaction with and contribution to policy formulation is much more varied. this paper develops a conceptualization of consultants' formulation roles. it demonstrates that rather than just informing policy formulation, consultants take multiple roles and interact with policymaking and makers in multiple ways. using a policy network/subsystem distinction and a substance/process distinction as the main axes for analysis, the paper develops four role categories: (1) experts and knowledge brokers, in which consultants provide policy advice and analysis; (2) seeing for the government, in which they construct a picture of the policy field; (3) legitimizers and validators, in which they provide symbolic capital to policy; and (4) channels for stakeholders' policy preferences, in which they manage deliberation and synthesize actors' policy preferences. the paper provides much-needed clarity on how consultants engage with policy formulation and policymakers and forwards our understanding of how consultants exert their policy influence.
6. title: when do decision makers listen (less) to experts? the swiss government's implementation of scientific advice during the covid-19 crisis
authors: steven eichenberger, fr�d�ric varone, pascal sciarini, robin st�hli, jessica proulx
abstract: under which conditions do politicians listen to scientific experts in a crisis? this study addresses this question by assessing how the swiss government implemented 186 policy recommendations formulated by the national covid-19 science task force (stf) to combat the spread of the virus and alleviate its impact on the health system, society and economy during the first year of the pandemic. results of multiple regression analyses show that the impact of problem pressure on the propensity of the government to implement experts' recommendations varies over time: it was considerably larger during spring 2020 than afterwards. we argue that this reflects a change in status of the stf during the second phase of the pandemic: it was distanced from the political-strategic level of the crisis management organization and its epistemic authority was increasingly questioned by political parties and interest groups. policy scholars should thus give more attention to how rapidly the government's propensity to rely on expert advice can change.
7. title: policy feedback via economic behavior: a model and experimental analysis of consumption behavior
authors: gregory s. schober
abstract: this article examines policy feedback via economic behavior in the mass public, with a focus on consumption behavior. do public policies affect the consumption behavior of mass publics and subsequent policymaking processes and outcomes? if so, how? i introduce a policy feedback model of consumption behavior in the mass public. within this model, i advance a theoretical argument on the consequences of targeted cash assistance policies (tcaps) for consumer spending behavior and government provision of basic utilities in developing countries. using a randomized field experiment in mexico and pre�post analysis, i find that tcaps boost consumer spending on private access to basic utilities in the short term and reduce government provision of basic utilities in the medium term. the study pushes policy feedback theorists to think beyond the arena of mass politics, and the findings have important implications for social policy and human development in developing countries.
8. title: �protect the women!� trans-exclusionary feminist issue framing and support for transgender rights
authors: stuart j. turnbull-dugarte, fraser mcmillan
abstract: an increasingly salient policy innovation pursued by lgbt rights groups and socially liberal policy entrepreneurs is the right of trans people to bring their legally recorded sex in line with their lived gender by way of self-identification. in response to these moves toward trans inclusion, a unique coalition of trans-exclusionary (gender critical) feminists and traditionalist conservatives has emerged to challenge these reforms. this coalition of policy opponents, mirroring historical issue frames that present homosexuals as predatory sexual deviants, campaign on a salient issue frame that presents transgender individuals and the expansion of trans rights as an inimical threat to the security, safety, and welfare of (cisgender) women, particularly in single-sex spaces. in this paper, we address two questions. first, we ask: do trans-exclusionary �protect women� issue frames over the alleged threat of trans persons to (cis) women shape mass public opinion? second, we ask: in a relatively lgbt friendly policy environment, who supports the right to self-identification for trans individuals? we answer these questions via an original pre-registered survey experiment embedded within the 2021 scottish election study. we find that trans-exclusionary issue frames appealing to (cis) women's safety significantly depress support for trans rights, particularly among women respondents. highlighting these concerns is an effective means of increasing already robust opposition to reforms designed to improve the welfare of transgender individuals, which should be of concern for proponents of self-identification policies.
9. title: mixed messages & bounded rationality: the perverse consequences of real id for immigration policy
authors: maureen stobb, banks miller, joshua kennedy
abstract: policies concerning undocumented immigrants are inevitably ambivalent, creating uncertainty and confusion in the implementation process. we identify a clear example of this ambivalence �u.s. law setting standards for determining the credibility of asylum seekers�that resulted in an increase in asylum grants despite policymakers' intention to make it harder for individuals to obtain the status. we argue that this law, the real id act of 2005, sent mixed messages to immigration judges (ijs), street-level bureaucrats who implement immigration policy. it increased ij discretion, but set vague limits. we theorize that ijs, behaving in a bounded rationality framework, use their professional legal training as a short-cut and look primarily to the courts for guidance. our evidence supports our argument. after the passage of the real id act, ij decision-making is more closely aligned with the preferences of their political and legal principals, and, in the final score, the federal circuit courts are the winners.
10. title: policy coordination and selective corruption control in china
authors: jing vivian zhan, jiangnan zhu
abstract: in autocracies facing widespread corruption, the allocation of the scant attention available for fighting corruption strongly affects corruption control. although research has found that authoritarian regimes tend to fight corruption selectively, it is unknown whether and how autocracies allocate attention across different policy areas to combat corruption. we propose that single-party authoritarian regimes can steer anticorruption attention to the policy domains prioritized by the central authority through the mechanism of cross-organizational policy coordination. using original datasets compiled from chinese governmental and procuratorial policy papers from 1998 to 2016, we demonstrate that chinese prosecutors direct anticorruption attention to the policy domains accentuated in the central government's major reforms. our field interviews support this finding and reveal possible disruption of anticorruption efforts in policy domains falling off the central government's top list. thus, we extend the research on political influence over anticorruption agencies and show that single-party regimes can instrumentalize anticorruption to serve the government's policy agenda, driving the allocation of limited anticorruption attention across policy areas.
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