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volume 61, issue 3, february 2024
1. title: writing the latin american city: trajectories of urban scholarship
authors: catalina ortiz
abstract: scholarship on urban latin america is prolific and multifaceted. the region not only is the most urbanised in the world but also the most unequal. this distinctive feature makes it rich and relevant for urban theory-making. this essay introduces a virtual special issue (vsi) on urban studies in latin america that showcases a selection of articles from the journal�s archives from the mid-1970s to the present. it aims to locate urban studies scholarship in/about the region in the context of democratisation struggles and their urban implications. on the one hand, it traces the intellectual trajectories of some key urban debates bringing attention to their disciplinary, methodological and theoretical underpinnings. the vsi identifies four well-established strands: (1) disputes around local governance; (2) anatomy of uneven urbanisation; (3) housing provision landscapes and infrastructural assemblages; and (4) economic geographies and variegated gentrifications. on the other hand, it delineates a broad picture of the emergent debates and thematic, methodological and geographical absences in the pages of this journal. through this analysis, the editorial concludes by identifying some potentially productive future directions for research.
2. title: the right to the smart city in the global south: a research agenda
authors: tooran alizadeh, deepti prasad
abstract: urban research has increasingly embraced the global south, as recent critical scholarship continues opening to southern cities, scholars and ideas generated from the south. here, we (the authors, two women of the global south) think strategically about �the southern urban critique�, �the right to the city� and �smart cities�� as well as some limitations of doing so. intrigued by the fast pace of smart city development across the global south, and informed by the ongoing critical debates and increasing empirical work focused on the unfolding of �smart� in the southern cities, we put forward a research agenda �the right to the smart city in the global south�. through three lenses of expose, propose and politicise this research agenda articulates the smart city shortcomings from a southern critical perspective to elevate the ongoing empirical studies on the subject, to shed light on the gaps in knowledge, and to produce a normative alternative vision for �just smart city�. our challenge to readers is to help create such smart cities, to engage with and reflect on the arguments in this positioning piece, and then complement them with further normative, future-oriented work � informed by empirical knowledge � to fully map out the particularities of an alternative southern smart city, to inform planning and policymaking for just smart cities, and to enact the right to the smart city in the global south.
3. title: who owns the city? neoliberal urbanism and land purchases in gurgaon, india
authors: meher bhagia, mallika bose
abstract: increasing purchases of valuable real estate for storing capital have contributed to the soaring prices of modest housing in many global cities and in several south asian cities such as mumbai, delhi and bangalore. saskia sassen has drawn attention to the phenomenon of underutilisation of purchased properties existing alongside the acute demand for housing by low- and moderate-income households in the same cities. despite the gravity of this issue, empirical analyses of urban land transactions remain rare, especially because such purchases often tend to be piecemeal and obscure, involving a multitude of smaller land deals and a variety of actors. this paper examines corporate purchases of urban land in gurgaon, a city adjacent to new delhi that has embraced neoliberal economic policies. by creating a land database for the upcoming sectors in the city, the study makes sharply visible: (1) the radical changes in property ownership patterns from agricultural land to luxury gated communities, (2) the growing corporate investments, extreme concentration of land ownership and deeply unequal distribution of urban land and (3) the use of various illicit practices by market-leading companies in land banking.
4. title: the damages of stigma, the benefits of prestige: examining the consequences of perceived residential reputations on neighbourhood attachment
authors: gabriel otero, quentin ramond, mar�a luisa m�ndez, rafael carranza, felipe link, javier ruiz-tagle
abstract: this study examines how perceived residential reputations � that is, how people think non-residents assess the reputation of their neighbourhood � affect neighbourhood attachment, including residents� sense of belonging, local civic membership, social relationships and compliance with social rules and norms in the neighbourhood. we focus on santiago, the capital city of chile: a highly segregated context. we use data from the chilean longitudinal social survey (elsoc, 2016�2019) and information on neighbourhood characteristics. results show that perceived residential reputations affect neighbourhood attachment, even after adjusting for time-invariant individual heterogeneity and lagged dependent variables. specifically, perceived stigma reduces residents� neighbourhood identification, physical rootedness, trust and sociability with neighbours, while positive perceived reputations improve these components of neighbourhood attachment, although to a lesser extent. however, perceived residential reputations do not affect the formation of strong ties between neighbours or local participation, suggesting that residential reputations mainly influence affective components of neighbourhood attachment. we conclude that perceived residential reputations reinforce the influence of individual characteristics and objective neighbourhood conditions in producing diverging patterns of neighbourhood attachment, with broader implications for social inequality in the city.
5. title: spillover of urban gentrification and changing suburban poverty in the amsterdam metropolis
authors: hester booi
abstract: suburbanisation appears to be reviving in the beginning of the 21st century. it has once again become an important force driving suburban growth. however, in contrast with 20th-century suburbanisation, the current phase might be better understood through the spillovers of urban gentrification and suburbanisation of poverty that are happening while the core city continues to grow. using a multilevel binomial regression model on all moving households in the metropolitan region around amsterdam, this paper shows that movers from amsterdam are clearly urban oriented when moving out of the city. high-income households dominate the suburbanisation towards neighbourhoods near the city and to relatively urban residential neighbourhoods from the pre-war period. these are also neighbourhoods with sharp house price increases. this reveals a spillover of the urban gentrification process beyond the core city borders. suburban in-migration of low-income households from the city has also increased and is more oriented to neighbourhoods where affordable housing is accessible.
6. title: carceral connections: the role of policing in the management of public housing in new york city
authors: james rodriguez
abstract: between 2006 and 2022, the new york city housing authority (nycha) attempted to address the fiscal and infrastructural crises in public housing through a number of controversial privatisation strategies. this contested push occurred alongside the pervasive role of policing in public housing. the new york city police department utilises several policing strategies specific to nycha communities, collaborating with the housing authority in the management of public housing residents. this article draws on qualitative content analysis of local policing strategies and public housing policy reforms in new york city to investigate how the state facilitates the displacement of disproportionately poor, non-white, public housing tenants while simultaneously sponsoring privatised redevelopment in their communities in ways that mirror gentrification processes usually studied in private housing. i focus on the content of and linkages between public housing-specific policing strategies and privatising public housing redevelopment plans. by examining police as collaborators within public housing policy, i uncover the entanglement of law enforcement in urban development, as well as the underlying roles and relationships between the state, capital and police in contemporary urban development and gentrification. the findings illuminate the processes of carceral urbanism, where the logics of the carceral state emerge as priorities throughout the urban governance of the contemporary neoliberal state in general, and public housing policy reform in particular.
7. title: thermal insecurity: violence of heat and cold in the urban climate refuge
authors: zo� a hamstead
abstract: often described as a silent killer or invisible threat, heat contributes to more fatalities than other types of climate change-exacerbated extreme weather, and the impacts are especially pronounced in racialised and segregated urban communities. in an era of climate urbanism, efforts to scientifically categorise heat and link heat to health impacts are helping to support early warning systems and urban investments in heat mitigation infrastructure, bolstering climate urbanism branding strategies. meanwhile, relatively little research has examined lived experiences with heat-related dangers, and cold rarely features in climate health discourse even though it contributes to many more fatalities than heat. here, i present household interviews on thermal lived experiences that inform a notion of thermal (in)security, asserting that heat and cold-related threats are forms of structural violence intertwined with housing, energy and related social determinants of health. juxtaposing city-level climate refuge narratives with lived experiences on the ground, i find that residents� thermal insecurities are linked to the interpersonal, contractual and bureaucratically-structured relationships that constrain adaptations to heat and cold. this research contributes to an emerging critical heat studies agenda, which aims to shift thermal discourse from its current meteorological orientation to instead centre people�s everyday adaptive thermal practices and struggles.
8. title: sector connectors, specialists and scrappers: how cities use civic capital to compete in high-technology markets
authors: tijs creutzberg, darius ornston, david a wolfe
abstract: this article uses three cities in the same canadian province (ontario): toronto, ottawa and waterloo, to examine how regions compete in high-technology markets. we find that regions use civic capital to leverage new, technological windows of opportunity, but they do so in very different ways. tracing toronto�s evolution from a marketing hub for foreign multinationals into a centre for entrepreneurship, we illustrate how weak ties and cross-sectoral buzz created a �super connector�, scaling high-technology firms in a wide variety of areas. in ottawa, task-specific cooperation in r&d, education and specialised infrastructure enabled the region to overcome the disadvantages of its small size as a �specialist� in a single, capital-intensive niche, telecommunications equipment. finally, entrepreneurs in waterloo eschewed task-specific cooperation for peer-to-peer mentoring. by diffusing generic knowledge about how to circumvent the liabilities of smallness, mentoring networks enabled this �scrapper� city to support smaller start-ups in a broad range of niches.
9. title: what might working from home mean for the geography of work and commuting in the greater golden horseshoe, canada?
authors: matthias sweet, darren m scott
abstract: the covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the precarity of urban society, illustrating both opportunities and challenges. teleworking rates increased dramatically during the pandemic and may be sustained over the long term. for transportation planners, these changes belie the broader questions of how the geography of work and commuting will change based on pandemic-induced shifts in teleworking and what this will mean for society and policymaking. this study focuses on these questions by using survey data (n = 2580) gathered in the autumn of 2021 to explore the geography of current and prospective telework. the study focuses on the greater golden horseshoe, the mega-region in southern ontario, representing a fifth of canadians. survey data document telework practices before and during the pandemic, including prospective future telework practices. inferential models are used to develop working-from-home scenarios which are allocated spatially based on respondents� locations of work and residence. findings indicate that telework appears to be poised to increase most relative to pre-pandemic levels around downtown toronto based on locations of work, but increases in teleworking are more dispersed based on employees� locations of residence. contrary to expectations by many, teleworking is not significantly linked to home�work disconnect � suggesting that telework is poised to weaken the commute�housing trade-off embedded in bid rent theory. together, these results portend a poor outlook for downtown urban agglomeration economies but also more nuanced impacts than simply inducing sprawl.
10. title: the �in/formal nocturnal city�: updating a research agenda on nightlife studies from a southern european perspective
authors: bego�a aramayona, valeria guarneros-meza
abstract: during the last three decades, nightlife policies in southern european cities have been directed towards promoting the night as a space�time for tourism-oriented promotion. at the same time, highly precarious, often racialised migrant actors performing informal activities during the night have been (re-)criminalised, put under surveillance and persecuted by public discourse and policy-making. the covid-19 pandemic has revealed the centrality of �the night� as a fundamental cornerstone for urban governance. however, analysis of how debates on urban nightlife dialogue with frameworks on urban in/formality, security and governance during the day require a more systematic analysis. in this commentary, we call into question the role of the in/formal urban night in ordering neoliberal cities in southern europe. by focussing on informal workers during the night as exemplar cases of how in/formal nocturnal governance is produced, we propose an approach to incorporate deeper explorations in future nightlife studies along three avenues: (i) contradictory public discourses encompassed by �the night�, and how they are affected by long-term cultural, neo-colonial legacies and �darkness� archetypes; (ii) survival and resistance strategies conducted by precarious/subaltern nocturnal actors during the day and night; and (iii) urban governance arrangements shaping and being shaped by the in/formal night in contemporary �fortress europe�. the research agenda suggested in this critical commentary aims to be a provocation, not only for nightlife scholars, but also for broader urban studies to take into deeper consideration how the criminalisation of in/formal nocturnal cities is used in governance processes in contemporary (post-)pandemic cities.
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11. title: black in place: the spatial aesthetics of race in a post-chocolate city
authors: luisa g melo
abstract: the article reviews the book �black in place: the spatial aesthetics of race in a post-chocolate city� by brandi thompson summers.
12. title: monumental lies: culture wars and the truth about the past
authors: ammar azzouz
abstract: the article reviews the book �monumental lies: culture wars and the truth about the past� by robert bevan.
13. title: drawing and experiencing architecture
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authors: alexandros daniilidis
abstract: the article reviews the book �drawing and experiencing architecture: the evolving significance of city�s inhabitants in the 20th century� by marianna charitonidou.
14. title: domicide: architecture, war and the destruction of home in syria
authors: sabine ameer
abstract: the article reviews the book �domicide: architecture, war and the destruction of home in syria� by ammar azzouz.
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